摘要：将具有高催化活性的材料与等离激元金属纳米材料复合是制备局域表面等离激元共振增强电催化剂的常用策略.然而,这种复合方式不仅会降低等离激元材料的局域表面等离激元共振强度,同时会改变等离激元电磁场的逸散方式以及热电子在复合结构内部的传输途径,无法实现最佳的等离激元增强效果.在此,我们选择了简单的Ag@Pt双金属纳米立方体作为研究对象,深入探究了热电子在金属异质结构内部的激发和传输机制以及其在电化学析氢反应中的贡献.相应的实验和理论结果证实,Pt在Ag表面的复合会改变等离激元电磁场的逸散方式,促进激发产生更多热电子,同时热电子可以通过级联传输方式转移至复合结构表面,显著增强电催化反应.这项工作为等离激元金属异质结构催化剂的设计和应用提供了重要参考.

摘要：Developing highly efficient heterostructural photocatalysts for direct CO_(2)reduction coupled with water oxidation remains challenging,the key to which is to establish an efficient interfacial charge transport ***,we present a Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Br_(9)/Sb–C_(3)N_(4)Z-scheme heterojunction prepared with an in-situ growth method based on the Sb atomic pinning *** revealed by the analysis of experimental and theoretical calculation results,the introduction of Sb anchors on C_(3)N_(4)leads to the formation of an Sb–N charge transfer bridge between Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Br_(9)and C_(3)N_(4),promoting interfacial charge communication over Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Br_(9)/Sb–C_(3)N_(4)***,it can induce the heterojunction interfacial charge transfer pathway between Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Br_(9)and C_(3)N_(4)to change from type II to the type Z-scheme,enabling the change of the catalytic site from C_(3)N_(4)to Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Br_(9),thus promoting the CO_(2)*** a result,Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Br_(9)/Sb–C_(3)N_(4)achieves efficient CO_(2)to CO photocatalytic conversion using water as the electron source under simulated solar light irradiation(100 mW·cm^(−2)),with the yield of 198.4μmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1),which is nearly 3-fold and 9-fold over the counterpart synthesized catalyst without Sb anchors(Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Br_(9)/g–C_(3)N_(4))and pure g–C_(3)N_(4),*** work provides a new alternative solution for the design of highly efficient heterojunction photocatalysts.

摘要：Introducing liquid-crystalline small-molecule donors(SMDs)into binary systems based on the strong intermolecular interactions of SMDs is a facile and effective strategy to tune the active layer morphology and improve the performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).Contrary to conventional understanding,this research proposes a new strategy for ternary OSCs implicating that"weakly crystalline materials can also optimize the morphology of the active layer and improve the OSCs performance".Herein,we designed and synthesized two liquid-crystalline SMDs,Z1 and Z2,based on benzodifuran(BDF)*** amorphous Z2-incorporated ternary devices present an unexpectedly improved power conversion efficiency(PCE)>18%with good *** contrast,the highly ordered Z1-based ternary devices possess a significantly depressed *** characterizations reveal that the Z2-based ternary blend films possess improved miscibility and efficient charge *** novel strategy for the selection of the third component is significant for the fabrication of high-efficiency ternary OSCs.

摘要：The intrinsic sluggish conversion kinetics and severe shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are responsible for their poor reversible capacity and cycling longevity,which have greatly hindered their practical *** address these drawbacks,herein,we design and construct a heterostructured Ni/Ni_(2)P embedded in a mesoporous carbon nanosphere composite(Ni/Ni_(2)P-MCN)for boosting polysulfide catalytic conversion in Li-S *** Ni/Ni_(2)PMCN-modified separator could not only prevent the shuttle effect significantly through abundant chemical adsorptive sites,but also demonstrate superior catalytic reactivities for the conversion of *** importantly,the conductive carbon matrix with an exposed mesoporous structure can serve as an effective physical barrier to accommodate deposited insoluble Li_(2)***,the cells with the Ni/Ni_(2)P-MCN-modified separator exhibit greatly boosted rate capability(431 mA h g^(-1) at 5 C)and cycling stability(a capacity decay of 0.031% per cycle after 1500 cycles).Even at an enhanced sulfur loading of 4.2 mg cm^(-2),a stable and superior areal capacity(about 3.5 mA h cm^(-2))has been *** envision that the unique Ni/Ni_(2)P heterostructure in the porous carbon matrix could offer great potential for highperformance and sustained energy storage devices.

摘要：Rapid and sensitive detection of various analytes is in high *** from its application in genome editing,CRISPR-Cas also shows promises in nucleic acid detection *** further exploit the potential of CRISPR-Cas for detection of diverse analytes,we present a versatile biosensing platform that couples the excellent affinity of aptamers for broad-range analytes with the collateral single-strand DNA cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12 *** demonstrated that the biosensors developed by this platform can be used to detect protein and small molecule in human serum with a complicated background,i.e.,the tumor marker alpha fetoprotein and cocaine with the detection limits of 0.07 fmol/L and 0.34 lmol/L,respectively,highlighting the advantages of simplicity,sensitivity,short detection time,and low cost compared with the state-of-the-art biosensing ***,this biosensing platform with plug-and-play design show great potential in the detection of diverse analytes.

摘要：Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising next-generation high energy density batteries but their practical application is hindered by several key problems,such as the intermediate polysulfide shuttling and the electrode degradation caused by the sulfur volume *** acts as one of the most essential components to build the electrodes of Li-S batteries,playing vital roles in improving the performance and maintaining the integrity of the cathode structure during cycling,especially those with high sulfur *** date,tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the properties of binders,in terms of the viscosity,elasticity,stability,toughness and conductivity,by optimizing the composition and structure of polymer ***,the binder modification endows them strong polysulfide trapping ability to suppress the shuttling and decreases the swelling to maintain the porous structure of *** this review,we summarize the recent progress on the binders for Li-S batteries and discuss the various routes,including the binder combination use,functionalization,in-situ polymerization and ion cross-linking,etc.,to enhance their performance in stabilizing the cathode,building the high sulfur loading electrode and improving the cyclic *** last,the design principles and the problems in further applications are also highlighted.

摘要：Two-dimensional(2D) lead halide perovskite materials are emerging as one of promising light-absorbing materials in perovskite solar cells(PSCs), which show outstanding stability and defect passivation. Unfortunately, the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of those stable 2D PSCs is still far behind that of 3D PSCs. Herein, we reported a simple in-situ growth technique for the ethylenediamine lead iodide(EDAPbI4) layer on the top of formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI3) layer. The rationally designed layered architecture of2D-3 D perovskite film could improve the PCE of the PSCs. In addition, benefiting from the high moisture resistance and inhibited ion migration of EDAPbI4 layer, the 2D-3D-based devices showed obviously enhanced long-term stability,keeping the initial PCE value for 200 h and 90% of its initial PCE even after 500 h.

摘要：含能分子在军事和民用应用中都发挥着重要作用.传统上,确定含能分子的物理化学参数需要实验工作量且具有风险,而新兴的机器学习方法有望解决这一问题.在这项工作中,我们报道了一种分子描述符增强的图神经网络(MD增强的GNN)模型,该模型可以准确快速地预测含能分子的三个爆轰参数.该模型集成了基于序列的分子描述符和基于结构的图向量,提供了一个不需要自定义描述符的全面框架.因此,我们构建了一个包含18,991个CHNO含能分子的含能分子数据集,并将我们的模型与单一的分子指纹/描述符和GNN方法进行了比较.研究发现,我们提出的MD增强的GNN集成方法通过结合两个不同的互补特征,实现了卓越的精度,R2超过0.93,学习速度提高了20%以上,这突出了我们的模型在重塑含能分子设计格局方面的潜力,并有望在这一关键领域内大幅提高效率和有效性.

摘要：近20年来在伊朗马什哈德地区出现了一些形式特别的多层住宅,有大面积的东西外墙,且采用普通空心黏土砌块建造,热工性能差,造成此类型建筑采暖空调能耗较大。采用DeST-h模拟分析了不同东西墙体条件下马什哈德地区典型多层住宅的能耗情况,房间布置对楼层能耗的影响,以及不同楼层之间的能耗对比。结果表明东西墙的能耗约占总能耗的33%,在西墙或东墙有相邻房间的情况下,采暖和空调能耗分别降低37%和15%;房间布置和楼层布置对不同楼层的能耗较大影响。因此在设计时要特别注意建筑以及楼层中房间的布置。

摘要：针对期望最大化注意(EMA)算法参数与图像的语义关联不足以及缺少对通道间信息关注的问题,本文提出一种双重注意力网络EMA+算法。该算法设计了2个模块:空间注意力模块和通道注意力模块。空间注意力模块以EMA算法为主体架构,在责任估计步骤采用特征图作为期望最大化(EM)算法的初始参数,增加参数与特征图语义上的关联。通道注意力模块使用高效通道注意力(ECA),通过使用一维卷积学习通道之间交互信息,避免由于降维操作导致的破坏通道与其权重之间的直接对应关系。EMA+通过融合空间注意力模块和通道注意力模块,显著提高了语义分割任务的性能。实验结果表明,EMA+在PASCAL VOC2012和一些更复杂的数据集上均取得了较EMANet等方法更优的交并比指标,有较好的泛化能力。