摘要：针对大断面隧道初期支护拱架在承载时易发生平面外失稳的问题,本文通过开展单拱架全比尺试验和考虑纵向连接的拱框架结构的数值试验以及现场对比试验,对纵向连接与拱架组成的拱框架结构进行优化研究,使其横向上有足够承载能力、纵向上有较高稳定性。研究结果表明,单个拱架的破坏模式是局部面外失稳导致整体承载力丧失,考虑纵向连接的拱框架结构的平面内承载力和平面外稳定性都得到增强。通过调整纵向连接间距和拱架间距也可以调整初期支护拱框架结构和喷射混凝土的内力分担比,以充分发挥初期支护的承载能力,但纵向连接间距应小于1500 mm,拱架间距也应小于1200 mm。因而,在不改变初期支护现有结构形式的前提下,通过合理地布设纵向连接与拱架形成的具有空间承载效应的拱框架结构,不仅可以保证初期支护的承载能力,而且还提高施工效率和经济效益。研究成果可指导大断面隧道初期支护结构设计。

摘要：岩体强度与裂隙参数是反映工程岩体质量的基本参数,其准确获取是进行地下工程围岩分级与支护合理设计优化的前提。传统的岩体强度测试方法需要对现场围岩取芯并运至实验室测试,测试结果难以反映工程现场环境下的岩体力学性质,而对于岩体强度与裂隙参数的原位测试方法研究较少。本文基于能量守恒定律,建立了岩石切削能密度与随钻参数的关系式,构建了岩体等效强度随钻反演模型(ES-DP模型),系统开展了岩体数字钻进试验。结果表明,相对于传统测试方法,岩体等效强度随钻测试结果平均差异率为2.4%,验证了ES-DP模型对岩体等效强度测试的有效性。在此基础上,建立了岩体裂隙参数随钻识别模型,与实际测量结果相比,该模型测得的岩体裂隙位置与宽度平均精度分别为1.8和1.6 mm,测试精度较高。基于上述研究,本文提出了一种岩体强度-裂隙随钻识别方法,为实现地下工程围岩强度参数与结构特征的原位实时测试提供了新方法。

摘要：层状无机材料的弱层间耦合和大面积表面为构建低导热性无机固体材料提供了基本框架.合成具有足够散射和非谐波性的稳定层状材料,从而降低热导率,仍是一项挑战.本文在层状无机FeOCl材料体系中,通过一步氧化还原反应成功获得了一种结构稳定的富含Fe^(2+)的层状材料,实现了表面和界面的同步改性,并实现了超低的热导率.具体而言,系统的X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)分析和电子能量损失光谱(EELS)分析表明,碱金属原子的层间插层和表面缺陷的引入诱导了大量Fe^(2+)的存在,从而增强了其非谐波性和声子散射.此外,声子态密度(PDOS)分布也提供了确凿的证据,证明了散射概率的提高和声子模式整体的软化.所制得的层状无机材料Fe(III)_(1−n)Fe(II)_(n)O_(1−x)Cl[K^(+)]_(m)不仅结构稳定,而且在298 K时的热导率比原始FeOCl降低了近60%,低至0.29 W m^(−1) K^(−1),这在层状无机材料中是极低的.这项研究为低导热层状材料的设计提供了新的视角.

摘要：Backgrou nd Dense titanium(Ti)fusion cages have been commonly used in transforaminal lumbar interbody ***,the stiffness mismatch between cages and adjacent bone endplates increases the risk of stress shielding and cage *** The current study presents a multiscale optimization approach for porous Ti fusion cage development,including microscale topology optimization based on homogenization theory that obtains a unit cell with prescribed mechanical properties,and macroscale topology optimization that determines the layout of framework structure over the porous cage while maintaining the desired *** biomechanical performance of the designed porous cage is assessed using numerical simulations of fusion *** laser melting is employed to assists with fabricating the designed porous structure and porous *** The simulations demonstrate that the designed porous cage increases the strain energy density of bone grafts and decreases the peak stress on bone *** mechanical and morphological discrepancies between the as-designed and fabricated porous structures are also *** From the perspective of biomechanics,it is demonstrated that the designed porous cage contributes to reducing the risk of stress shielding and cage *** optimization of processing parameters and post-treatments are required to fabricate the designed porous *** present multiscale optimization approach can be extended to the development of cages with other shapes or materials and further types of orthopedic implants.

摘要：Global illumination is the core part of photo-realistic rendering. The photon mapping algorithm is an effective method for computing global illumination with its obvious advantage of caustic and color bleeding rendering. It is an active research field that has been developed over the past two decades. The deficiency of precise details and efficient rendering are still the main challenges of photon mapping. This report reviews recent work and classifies it into a set of categories including radiance estimation, photon relaxation, photon tracing, progressive photon mapping, and parallel methods. The goals of our report are giving readers an overall introduction to photon mapping and motivating further research to address the limitations of existing methods.

摘要：可被蓝光激发的高热稳定性红色荧光粉是制作高性能白光二极管(WLED)的关键材料.研究发现,Ce^(3+)掺杂的SrLaScO_(4)(SLO:Ce^(3+))荧光粉在440 nm激发下呈现峰值为640 nm的反常宽带红光发射.光谱学和结构分析证实Ce^(3+)离子在SLO中进入[LaO_(8)]多面体,产生强的晶体场劈裂和较大的Stokes位移,实现了比Eu^(2+)更低能量的红光发射.我们还设计并揭示了一种电荷转移相互作用的策略:在Sc^(3+)位置引入电负性较大的Ga^(3+),Ga^(3+)可以吸引更多邻位配合基团的电荷,以减少导带底部的电子占用而扩大带隙.Sc/Ga取代有效地抑制了热激活电离过程,使SrLa(Sc,Ga)O_(4):Ce^(3+)的热稳定性获得了显著提升,即在150℃的发光强度比(相对于20℃)从15%提升至31%.本研究为发现具有良好热稳定性的新型Ce^(3+)掺杂红色荧光粉提供了有效的设计原则.

摘要：The wave crest is an important factor for the design of both fixed and floating marine *** crest height is a dominant parameter in assessing the likelihood of wave-in-deck impact and resultant severe *** empirical and theoretical distribution functions for wave crest heights have been proposed,but there is a lack of agreement between *** is of significance to develop a better new nonlinear wave crest height distribution *** progress in the research of wave crest heights is reviewed in this *** on Stokes' wave theory,an approximate nonlinear wave crest-height distribution formula with simple parameters is *** sets of measured data are presented and compared with various theoretical distributions of wave crests obtained from nonlinear wave models and analysis of the comparison is given in *** new crest-height distribution model agrees well with ***,the new theoretical distribution is more accurate than the other methods cited in this paper and has a greater range of applications.

摘要：Geopolymer is produced through the polymerization of active aluminosilicate material with an alkaline activator,leading to the formation of a green,inorganic polymer *** concrete(GPC)has become a promising low-carbon alternative to traditional Portland cement-based concrete(OPC).GPC-bonded reinforcing bars offer a promising alternative for concrete structures,boasting excellent geopolymer binder/reinforcement bonding and superior corrosion and high-temperature resistance compared to Portland ***,due to differences in the production process of GPC,there are distinct engineering property variations,including bonding *** literature review provides an examination of the manufacturing procedures of GPC,encompassing source materials,mix design,curing regimes,and other factors directly influencing concrete ***,it delves into the bond mechanism,bond tests,and corresponding results that represent the bond *** main conclusions are that GPC generally has superior mechanical properties and bond performance compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete(OPC).However,proper standardization is needed for its production and performance tests to limit the contradictory results in the lab and on site.

摘要：为了解决目前国内马铃薯联合收获机分离输送装置存在的分离输送效果差、操控不灵活等问题,设计了一种立式环形分离输送装置。通过对该分离输送装置进行理论分析,确定了其关键零部件的结构和工作参数。以机组前进速度、横向拨送皮带线速度和环形轨道圈转速为试验因素,伤薯率和含杂率为试验指标进行了三元二次通用旋转组合试验,建立了各试验因素与指标之间的数学模型并进行了参数优化。结果表明:影响伤薯率大小的因素顺序依次为环形轨道圈转速、横向拨送皮带线速度和机组前进速度;影响含杂率大小的因素顺序依次为环形轨道圈转速、机组前进速度和横向拨送皮带线速度;且当机组前进速度为1.1 m/s、横向拨送皮带线速度为1.5 m/s、环形轨道圈转速为7 r/min时,马铃薯收获质量、土薯及杂质分离效果最好,平均伤薯率和含杂率分别为1.28%和2.41%。在最优参数条件下的田间验证试验结果表明,平均伤薯率和含杂率分别为1.46%和2.57%,理论值和试验值相近,符合马铃薯联合收获质量要求。

摘要：为解决大蒜机械化收获时损伤率与损失率较高的问题,结合大蒜物理特性和种植模式,该研究设计了一种双行手扶式大蒜联合收获机,主要由挖掘装置,矫正装置,夹持装置,切割装置,收集装置等组成,可一次完成大蒜的挖掘,姿态矫正,夹持输送,茎根切割,低损收集等作业工序。为提高大蒜收获作业质量,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验方法,以前进速度、挖掘深度、链条距离为试验因素,以损伤率和损失率为评价指标,进行参数优化试验。建立各影响因素与指标之间的回归数学模型,分析各因素对响应值的交互影响,获得最优参数组合为:前进速度0.51 m/s、挖掘深度97.2 mm、链条距离7.6 mm,对应的损伤率、损失率分别为0.65%、1.28%,对优化结果进行验证试验,试验结果表明在最优参数组合下,损伤率为0.63%、损失率为1.25%,各评价指标与预测值均很接近。研究结果可为大蒜联合收获机进一步完善结构设计和工作参数优化提供参考。