摘要：The development of effective antifreeze peptides to control ice growth has attracted a significant amount of attention yet still remains a great ***,we propose a novel design method based on in-depth investigation of repetitive motifs in various ice-binding proteins(IBPs)with evolution *** this way,several peptides with notable antifreeze activity were *** particular,a designed antifreeze peptide named AVD exhibits ideal ice recrystallization inhibition(IRI),solubility,and biocompatibility,making it suitable for use as a cryoprotective agent(CPA).A mutation analysis and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations indicated that the Thr6 and Asn8 residues of the AVD peptide are fundamental to its ice-binding capacity,while the Ser18 residue can synergistically enhance their interaction with ice,revealing the antifreeze mechanism of ***,to evaluate the cryoprotection potential of AVD,the peptide was successfully employed for the cryopreservation of various cells,which demonstrated significant post-freezing cell *** work opens up a new avenue for designing antifreeze materials and provides peptide-based functional modules for synthetic biology.

摘要：为方便实现渐开线圆柱齿轮接触分析,开发出渐开线圆柱齿轮啮合接触分析和齿廓修形算法程序.采用渐开线直齿轮参数方程精准建模,获得齿廓接触点的曲率半径,在考虑实际载荷的情况下,改进了赫兹接触公式来求解齿轮啮合接触应力.为减缓齿轮啮合冲击,在算法程序中提供了5种齿廓修形方式及其修形后的接触应力分析方法.与行业公认的齿轮设计仿真软件MASTA计算结果进行对比.结果表明,该算法程序接触应力求解精度较高,相对MASTA平均误差约为5.04%,齿廓修形后的接触应力分布一致,验证了该算法程序的合理性.

摘要：提出一种用于准确便捷预测析出相增强镍基高温合金稳态蠕变速率的蠕变新模型。基于析出相的空间分布,采用概率依赖的方法将位错-析出相交互作用中Orowan绕过和位错攀移机制的协同模式耦合到新的蠕变模型中。结果表明,新模型预测的稳态蠕变速率与实验数据吻合很好。此外,当前模型不再依赖于可调参数;同时,确定了阈值应力与温度的定量关系。这项工作为蠕变变形过程中位错-析出相交互作用提供新思路,并为设计具有更优异蠕变性能的析出强化合金提供有效模型。

摘要：The paper proposes a topology optimization method for 1D phononic structures to minimize the tangential component of particle velocity at the objective *** tangential derivative of the boundary integral equation(TDBIE)is employed for the evaluation of the objective function involves the tangential derivative *** topological derivative is derived through the adjoint method and the Neumann boundary condition of the adjoint field is obtained using the *** average topological derivative which is obtained by calculating the average value of the topological derivative in each layer of design domains,is employed for the updating of the level set *** implementations demonstrate the proposed method is effective for the design of the 1D phononic crystals with the objective function involving tangential derivative quantities.

摘要：The subthalamic nucleus(STN)is considered the best target for deep brain stimulation treatments of Parkinson’s disease(PD).It is difficult to localize the STN due to its small size and deep *** microelectrode arrays(MEAs)can rapidly and precisely locate the STN,which is important for precise *** this paper,16-channel MEAs modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS)nanocomposites were designed and fabricated,and the accurate and rapid identification of the STN in PD rats was performed using detection sites distributed at different brain *** results showed that nuclei in 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide(6-OHDA)-lesioned brains discharged more intensely than those in unlesioned *** addition,the MEA simultaneously acquired neural signals from both the STN and the upper or lower boundary nuclei of the ***,higher values of spike firing rate,spike amplitude,local field potential(LFP)power,and beta oscillations were detected in the STN of the 6-OHDA-lesioned brain,and may therefore be biomarkers of STN *** with the STNs of unlesioned brains,the power spectral density of spikes and LFPs synchronously decreased in the delta band and increased in the beta band of 6-OHDA-lesioned *** may be a cause of sleep and motor disorders associated with ***,this work describes a new cellular-level localization and detection method and provides a tool for future studies of deep brain nuclei.

摘要：相变材料(PCM)具有优异的光学性质,在多种集成光子器件中极具应用前景,如光存储器、光开关和光神经形态计算器件.然而,由于集成光子器件相变材料光学性能评价标准的缺乏,新型相变材料的设计主要依赖于研究者的研究经验.本文基于相变光子器件的性能需求,引入材料品质因子(FOM2=Δk/kamor)来评价相变材料的光学性能,建立了针对损耗调制型相变光子器件相变材料的光学性能评价标准.FOM值的大小代表相变材料在构建高性能相变光子器件中的应用潜力,FOM值越大,相变材料应用于光子器件的限制就越小.在此基础上,本文基于光学带隙理论,建立了相变材料光学参数与FOM值之间的关系,开发了三种基于GST的新型光学相变材料.结果表明,氮等非金属元素掺杂可以提高GST的FOM值,有利于开发低损耗、高调制空间的损耗型相变光子器件和大规模损耗型相变光子阵列.除了FOM之外,相变材料的结晶温度也会影响器件的编程功耗、循环寿命和稳定性,这要求我们在实际应用场景中根据器件的需求选择合适的相变材料.总之,本文为相变材料的光学性能提供了评价标准,促进了集成光子器件应用中相变材料的定制设计.

摘要：Two major challenges,high cost and short lifespan,have been hindering the commercialization process of lowtemperature fuel *** Wei's group has been focusing on decreasing cathode Pt loadings without losses of activity and durability,and their research advances in this area over the past three decades are briefly reviewed *** the Pt-based catalysts and the low Pt usage,they have firstly tried to clarify the degradation mechanism of Pt/C catalysts,and then demonstrated that the activity and stability could be improved by three strategies:regulating the nanostructures of the active sites,enhancing the effects of support materials,and optimizing structures of the three-phase *** Pt-free catalysts,especialiy carbon-based ones,several strategies that they proposed to enhance the activity of nitrogen-/heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts are firstly ***,an indepth understanding of the degradation mechanism for carbon-based catalysts is discussed,and followed by the corresponding stability enhancement ***,the carbon-based electrode at the micrometer-scale,faces the challenges such as low active-site density,thick catalytic layer,and the effect of hydrogen peroxide,which require rational structure design for the integral cathodic *** review finally gives a brief conclusion and outlook about the low cost and long lifespan of cathodic oxygen reduction catalysts.

摘要：蚯蚓在狭窄受限环境中具有良好的移动性,但其在运动过程中与地面的三轴反作用力还未被深入研究.本文探讨了蚯蚓在直线运动过程中的三轴地反力特征及其对机器人建模的影响.具体地,本研究设计了一个基于应变片的三轴微型测力板来测量蚯蚓(***)在直线运动时的三轴地反力.通过建立地反力的时间历程与运动视频的对应关系,将蚯蚓的周期性运动划分为三个阶段,并从蚯蚓身体变形的角度解析了地反力在三个阶段的力学特征.本研究还对蚯蚓的地反力特征进行了统计分析,并建立了蚯蚓直线运动过程的阻力系数模型.以此为基础,本文还提出了与机器人节段/单元变形相关的阻力系数模型,为离散型和连续型仿蚯蚓机器人的动力学建模提供基础.本研究首次对蚯蚓运动过程中的mN级三轴地反力进行了测量、分析和建模,研究结果对蚯蚓运动生物力学、仿蚯蚓移动机器人设计和机器人-环境接触界面调控等具有重要的指导意义.

摘要：3μm波段中红外激光处于大气传输窗口,又可以作为基础光源,是激光技术研究的前沿。目前,铒离子激活的激光晶体材料是产生3μm中红外激光的重要途径之一。然而,Er3+离子4I11/2激光上能级荧光寿命较短,下能级4I13/2的寿命较长,难以实现粒子数反转,导致自终止现象。为了解决这一难题,往往需要高浓度掺杂,通过能量传递降低4I13/2能级的寿命。然而高浓度掺杂又会造成晶体热性能变差,限制了掺Er3+激光晶体效率和功率。三阶铒离子容易在氟化物晶体中形成团簇,导致稀土离子间距缩短,即使在低掺杂浓度下稀土离子之间的能量传递作用仍较为显著。同时,低浓度掺杂还可以减轻激光运转下晶体的热堆积效应。掺铒氟化物晶体已成为一类重要的高功率、高效率中红外激光材料。然而,掺铒氟化物晶体的光谱性能与铒离子团簇结构之间的相互联系尚不明确,制约了掺铒氟化物晶体光谱和激光性能的进一步发展。本文采用第一性原理计算模拟了铒离子在CaF_(2)、SrF_(2)和PbF_(2)晶体中的团簇结构。结果显示,铒离子团簇结构随基质晶体变化逐渐演变。结合模拟计算和实验表征定性揭示了不同晶体离子团簇与光谱性能的联系,为掺铒氟化物中红外激光晶体材料的调控与设计提供参考。

摘要：我国的航磁三分量勘查系统于2017年研制成功,但是利用大面积性航磁三分量数据开展地质解释研究尚处于起步阶段,通过研究认为垂向分量、东向分量和北向分量数据需要进行化极,虽然相关文献和教材开展了航磁三分量中三个分量的化极理论公式的推导但并不是最终结果,本文经过深入的理论公式推导首次获得了三个分量的化极理论公式,同时将化极后的三个分量数据得到的磁异常总强度矢量数据的相关意义进行了深入分析,得出磁异常总强度矢量图可以较好地指向磁性地质体的赋存位置,在此基础上设计了单一异常体的简单模型和4个异常体的复杂模型开展理论分析,对不同纬度的三个分量数据化极效果进行了分析,得出虽然在低纬度地区三个分量的化极效果并不理想,但是所绘制的磁异常总强度矢量箭头图却可以不受低纬度化极效果不好的影响,在纬度1°-90°的三个分量数据经过化极后绘制的磁异常总强度矢量箭头总能指向磁性地质体,而且汇聚的矢量箭头的位置还可以反映地质体的埋藏深度,然后将该思路应用于中国北部某地区的航磁三分量数据,所绘制的磁异常总强度矢量箭头图出现了指上和指下的现象,通过研究认为箭头图指上的现象是由于该区域的磁性地质体存在有剩磁现象,通过对比地质资料并得到了验证。