摘要：This study aimed to investigate the bacterial communities in mushroom compost piles composed of rice straw, corn stover, and cow dung. Bacterial com- munities of samples at the beginning of composting, at the end of fermentation phase I and II were collected and analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-De- naturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） based on 16S rDNA universal primers from Escherichia coli. A total of 56 different clone sequences were obtained （GenBank accession number： KF630598-KF630653）. They were classified into seven phyla and 42 genera. Dominant microflora during composting belonged to phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, with the dominant genera of Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Thermomonospora, Thermasporomyces, Pseudomonas, and Cellvibrio. Bacterial diversity （Shannon index） analysis showed that bacterial species in com- post pile composed mainly of rice straw continuously increased during composting, while those in compost pile composed mainly of corn stover firstly increased and then reduced. Principal component analysis showed that corn stover compost sam- ples at the end of fermentation phase I and phase II were clustered into one group, suggesting that corn stover composted faster than anticipated. In general, rice straw compost has higher bacterial diversity but longer composting time period, while corn stover compost has lower bacterial diversity but shorter composting time period.

摘要：为了获得高效率的AlGaN基深紫外发光二极管,提出了具有渐变量子垒的氮极性结构来调控载流子的传输.通过氮极性结构在p型电子阻挡层中形成的反向极化诱导势垒,改善空穴注入和电子泄漏问题.另外研究了不同的渐变方向和渐变程度对器件性能的影响.模拟结果显示,在12nm的AlGaN量子垒上沿着(000-1)方向从Al组分0.65线性渐变到0.6,可以有效平衡量子垒的势垒高度和斜率,从而极大的增强空穴注入,光输出功率相较于传统结构提高了53.6%.该设计为电子泄漏和空穴注入问题提供了直接而有效的解决方案,在实现更高效率的深紫外发光二极管方面显示出广阔的前景.

摘要：开发高性能、低成本的氧析出反应(OER)电催化剂是促进质子交换膜水电解(PEMWE)制氢规模化应用的关键。迄今为止,OER催化剂的最佳选项仍为贵金属铱(Ir),但其仍存在活性不足和储量稀缺的问题,进而增加了材料成本和电力成本。因此,开发低Ir载量、高活性和稳定性间距,且能够满足PEMWE设备中大电流密度和长期运行要求的OER催化剂是十分必要的。这些目标的实现需要深入理解酸性OER机制、明晰材料设计方法,并建立可靠的性能评估指标(特别是对耐久性的评估)。综上,本文首先系统总结了目前被广泛接受的酸性OER活性表达机制(即吸附析出机制、晶格氧氧化机制和多活性中心机制)和失活机制(即活性物种溶解、晶相和形态演化、催化剂脱落和活性位点阻塞),为催化剂的微观结构设计提供指导。其次,我们讨论了最近报道的几类低铱OER催化剂,包括多金属合金氧化物、负载型催化剂、具有特殊空间结构的催化剂和单位点催化剂,并重点描述低Ir催化剂中的性能如何得以调控以及其中潜在的构效关系。随后,我们介绍了常用的催化剂稳定性评价指标、催化剂失活表征技术以及模拟PEMWE实际操作条件的催化剂寿命测试方法,希望为催化剂筛选提供依据。最后,针对未来可用于PEMWE体系的低铱OER催化剂的探索提出了一些可行建议。

摘要：To enable real-time flight visualization for junior operators,this paper designs a quadrotor flight system via computer *** aircraft’s three-dimensional model and the flight scene are generated using open graphics library(OpenGL).Attitude angle of the model are calculated using the mathematical model of the *** flight system provides an intuitive way to describe the flight according to real-time data input from the controller.

摘要：基于"功能基元"+"序构"的设计思想,提出了一种在纤芯引入等差分层微结构的太赫兹超高双折射光子晶体光纤.光纤包层由三角晶格排列的圆形空气孔组成;纤芯由三角晶格排列,尺寸满足等差分层条件的椭圆空气孔组成.数值模拟结果显示,当入射光频率为0.5-1.5 THz时,光纤能够实现超高模式双折射;在0.9 THz,模式双折射达到最大值4.07×10-2,此时基模x,y偏振模式的有效材料损耗(EML)分别为0.075 cm-1和0.062cm-1.与6种不同尺寸的均匀微结构纤芯光子晶体光纤的模式双折射特性进行对比研究.结果显示,提出的分层微结构纤芯光子晶体光纤,能够在很宽的工作频段,实现更稳定的超高模式双折射,且具有较低的材料吸收损耗.对于通信、传感、测量等领域的有限长度光纤器件应用,能够起到优化设计,显著提高器件性能的作用.

摘要：背景:采用胚胎干细胞源性肝样细胞进行移植治疗时,诱导分化的肝样细胞致瘤性及其对肝脏生化代谢的影响有待观察。目的:评价胚胎干细胞源性肝样细胞移植对急性肝功能衰竭模型小鼠的治疗效果。设计:随机对照观察。单位:中山大学附属第一医院。材料:实验于2005-01/2006-02在中山大学附属第一医院中心实验室完成。选用转染绿色荧光蛋白基因的小鼠D3-ES细胞(129系小鼠分离建系),由中山大学眼科中心黄冰教授馈赠。选用40只清洁级6周龄D3-129系小鼠,雌雄不限,由中山大学实验动物中心提供,许可证号码为SCXK(粤)2004-0011,实验过程中对动物的处置符合动物伦理学标准。转化生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、肝细胞生长因子为美国GibcoBRL公司产品。方法:①利用转化生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子和肝细胞生长因子联合诱导小鼠D3-ES细胞分化为肝样细胞,将细胞悬液以2.0×106/只注入20只小鼠肝包膜下,其余20只小鼠作为对照组,仅给予生理盐水注射。②注射后24h,采用5μL/20g四氯化碳腹腔注射,诱发两组小鼠急性肝功能衰竭,观察小鼠生存质量及平均生存时间;急性肝功能衰竭24h,取小鼠后腔静脉血进行总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、白蛋白、血糖、凝血酶原时间等肝功能指标检测;小鼠死亡后取肝脏标本,观察有无肿瘤生成,应用苏木精-伊红染色和免疫组化观察移植细胞生长和白蛋白表达情况。主要观察指标:①小鼠生存质量及平均生存时间。②肝功能指标检测结果。③移植细胞体内生长及肿瘤形成情况。结果:①小鼠生存质量及平均生存时间:诱发急性急性肝功能衰竭后,对照组先出现共济失调等中枢神经系统症状,对照组14只及移植组8只出现腹水。对照组平均存活时间短于移植组,差异有统计学意义(23,62h,P<0.05)。②小鼠肝功能指标检测结果:对照组及移植组总胆红素及谷丙转氨酶较造模前升高,白蛋白及血糖较造模前低,凝血酶原时间较造模前延长,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),移植组总胆红素及谷丙转氨酶较对照组下降,血糖较对照组高,凝血酶原时间较对照组短,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。③移植细胞体内生长及肿瘤形成情况:移植组小鼠死亡后取肝脏标本做病理切片观察,发现肝脏组织结构无明显改变,无肿瘤形成,移植细胞与小鼠肝样细胞形成很好的排列连接并表达白蛋白。结论:胚胎干细胞源性肝样细胞移植能改善急性肝功能衰竭模型小鼠生活质量,延长小鼠生存时间,移植细胞对肝脏生化代谢起到了较好的支持作用。

摘要：[Objective] This study aimed to make the effluent of constructed wetlands in a pond recirculating aquaculture system satisfy aquaculture requirements. [Method] A 150 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.6 m deep ecological ditch was constructed on the basis of the periphyton reactor theory, to investigate the reoxygenation and deep purification effect of the ecological ditch on the effluent of constructed wetlands. [Result] Experimental results showed that the level of dissolved oxygen （DO） in the effluent of constructed wetlands increased to a range of 4.41-7.91 mg/L and pH val- ue increased significantly by flowing though the ecological ditch （P〈0.05）. DO level in the water of ecological ditch increased linearly with the increasing length of the ecological ditch within the range of 150 m （P〈0.05）. The ecological ditch showed further removal effect on NH4＋-N, IMn and PO4^3 -P in the effluent of the constructed wetlands, with the removal rate of 19.46%, 13.38% and 31.09%, respectively. The total coliform group was also eliminated with the removal rate ranging between 12.5% and 78.13%. [Conclusion] The ecological ditch based on periphyton reactor could improve DO level and further reduce N and P contents in the effluent of the constructed wetlands, which could be used as a matching water-reuse system of constructed wetlands. key words Water quality; Purification; Dissolved oxygen; Periphyton; Pond aquaculture

摘要：For the requirement of safe and stable operation,the combined sealing structure was used for reciprocating motion in the deep sea high-pressure environment,and the effects of different seawater depths and shaft movement speed on the sealing performance of the combined sealing structure were *** change rule of the sealing performance of the combined sealing structure of reciprocating motion under different working conditions is *** study shows that in the combined sealing structure of reciprocating movement,the Von Mises stress and the contact stress of the O-ring varies with the direction of the shaft *** Von Mises stress and contact stress of the O-ring,the Von Mises stress and the contact stress on each sealing lip of the slip ring gradually increase with the increasing of seawater *** the same time,the Von Mises stress of the O-ring which in the process of the shaft upward movement is greater than the shaft downward movement,making the shaft upward movement more likely to cause the O-ring relaxation and *** shaft movement speed has no significant influence on the Von Mises stress and contact stress of the *** research results provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the selection and optimization of the geometrical parameters of the combined sealing structure in the deep-sea high-pressure environment.

摘要：管道嵌入式建筑围护结构作为一种重质热激活建筑系统(TABS),由于其管道内嵌于建筑围护结构内部,故目前在既有建筑改造中应用较少.本文提出了管道嵌入式相变复合墙体(PEPCW)的概念,其主要利用基于宏观封装的嵌管式相变板代替传统嵌管夹层,并将嵌管夹层移至承重层外侧,为解决既有建筑改造中应用这一技术提供了创新解决思路.本文利用经实验验证的数学模型评估了PEPCW的夏季热性能和节能潜力,结果表明,复合墙体内表面温度和热流可分别降低1.1℃和9.9 W·m^(-2).参数化模拟结果表明,管道间距相比相变夹层厚度对复合墙体热性能影响更为明显,所研究条件下的管道间距和相变层厚度建议取值为300/30 mm.通过对三个不同气候分区的典型城市(即天津、南京和广州)开展的应用评估结果还表明,PEPCW在改善室内热舒适度方面可以取得令人满意的效果,尤其是在夏热冬暖地区.此外,应用PEPCW可显著降低太阳辐射吸收率对不同朝向墙体热负荷的影响,三个向阳朝向的指标下降幅度高于北面.综合来看,PEPCW在供冷季节表现出令人满意的热性能,有助于推动嵌管式建筑围护结构在既有建筑中的节能改造应用.

摘要：传统电化学高级氧化技术存在有机物降解效率不高、能耗大的弊端,并且平板式电极表面存在滞止边界层,严重限制了传质过程.本工作中,我们首先通过水热方法将一维Co_(3)O_(4)纳米针状阵列结构原位负载于金属钛膜电极,低压电场下,实现难降解有机物的去除,其中:对于苯酚的去除率可达≥99%,化学需氧量(COD)和总有机碳(TOC)去除率分别为99.5%和92.5%,电流效率为88.7%,能耗仅为0.061 kW h(kg COD)^(-1).Co_(3)O_(4)纳米针的阵列式膜电极可以提供更多的CoOOH活性位,增强电场强度,而且其穿透式流体模式导致强化对流,可以明显地改善电催化反应过程的传质,因而提高膜电极的催化效率,降低能耗.最后,我们设计了H型电催化膜反应器,耦合阴极的析氢反应,降解有机物的同时制备纯氢,极大地提高了电极和膜反应器的效率.