摘要：Durability zonation standard （DZS） is proposed to provide useful parameters for durable concrete structure design. It deals not only with the influence of environment on structures, but also with types, functions and importance of structures based on the theory of life cycle cost（LCC）. First, the basic concept of DZS for concrete structure design is defined. Then the basic principles for DZS are established. The factors for zonation according to natural environmental conditions and structural importance are identified. The usefulness of DZS by citing a real application for concrete highway bridges in Zhejiang Province is demonstrated. Finally, durability regulations are provided accordingly to zonation.

摘要：Charge separation is a crucial problem in *** used a wet‐chemical method to synthesize asymmetrically tipped PdS‐CdSe‐seeded CdS(CdSe@CdS)‐Au nanorod(NR)heterostructures(HCs).In these HCs,electrons and holes are rapidly separated and transported to opposite ends of the NRs by internal electric *** ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectra showed strong electronic coupling between both tips and the CdS ***‐CdSe@CdS‐Au achieved a H2production rate of ca.1100?mol in5h;this is two orders of magnitude greater than the rate achieved with Au‐CdSe@CdS NRs with only one ***‐CdSe@CdS‐Au NRs can withstand4h of photoirradiation,compared to1.5h for CdSe@CdS NRs,indicating that the photostability of PdS‐CdSe@CdS‐Au is much better than that of *** greatly improved photocatalytic activity and stability are attributed to efficient charge separation and rapid charge transport in the PdS‐CdSe@CdS‐Au HCs.

摘要：Steam generator is optimized by applying entransy dissipation extremum principle and constructal theory and adopting analyti-cal *** obtained results show that the optimal spacing between adjacent tubes,the mass flow rate of gas and the maximum entransy dissipation rate all depend on the dimensionless diameter of one tube,the dimensionless pressure difference number and the dimensionless length of flow channel of *** the three dimensionless groups,the optimal numbers of riser tubes and downcomer tubes and their summation all depend on the dimensionless height of one *** maximum entransy dissipation rate increases as the pressure difference that drives the gas flowing increases,and as the diameter of one tube and the length of flow channel both *** mean heat flux in the heat transfer process of hot gas grows greatly,and the performance of the system is *** with the optimal construct with heat transfer rate maximization,the optimal construct with entransy dissipation rate maximization can improved the heat transfer effect of the steam generator more.

摘要：pH dependent uorescence emission of a thioxanthone-based probe has been re-ported *** potential deter-minant factors of pH dependence may provide important clues to design novel thioxanthone-based probes in the *** dependence of photochemical kinetics of thioxanthone itself was inves-tigated in this work using nanosecond time-resolved laser ash *** nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectra and kinetics of TX in aqueous acetonitrile were recorded,as well as for a model reaction system including TX with diphenylamine(DPA)as a *** the well-known absorption peak of ^(3)TX*,other peaks at 417,518,673 and 780 nm,have been reliably attributed to major intermediates in the overall reaction between TX and DPA with photolysis,which has been con rmed to occur along a multistep *** the strong acidic solution(pH≈3.0),TX and protonated TX ions(TXH^(+))coexist due to protonated ***,high proton concentration promotes the predominant decay pathway after photolysis from electron transfer to proton ***,the di erent primary products,^(3)TXH^(+*)or TX^(·-),proceed di erent secondary reaction *** addition,within the wide pH range from weak acid(pH=5.0)to alkaline solution(pH=13.0),the overall reaction mechanism and rates do not show visible changes.

摘要：在上海光源上设计了一条光子能量覆盖5 ～140 eV的高通量、高分辨的真空紫外角分辨光电子能谱束线。本光束线采用准周期椭圆偏振波荡器光源,其周期长度为0 .32 m,周期数为14。单色仪采用Dragon型,分为覆盖5 ～32 eV的低能分支和25 ～140 eV的高能分支。计算表明,当入射/出射狭缝开启宽度为5/5μm时,在整个能量扫描范围内,单色仪分辨率可以高达15 000 ～100 000 ,光学元件的面型误差对分辨率的影响最大。通量计算显示,样品处s偏振光子通量高达～1012phs/s。Shadow追迹模拟结果表明,设计的光束线具有很好的聚焦特性。

摘要：In order to improve the pollution control effect of nitrogen phosphorus and heavy metals in stormwater runoff by using the constructed wetlands factors such as medium plants pretreatments *** may influence the removal efficiency are discussed based on the current studies. The pollution control effect can be enhanced by the improvement of the design methods the components and management of constructed *** design methods aimed at controlling the stormwater runoff should be based on the hydrological data accumulated for *** development of novel medium and the selection of plants i.e. flood-tolerant and economical should be considered in advance. The management of constructed wetlands should be enhanced and the database of the stormwater in wetlands should be *** discussion above should be effective in improving the pollution control effect in stormwater runoff by applying constructed wetlands.

摘要：In low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks,designers have to cope with unreliable links and limited communication *** this work,we propose COST,a coding scheme that leverages spatial-temporal diversity to achieve higher energy efficiency and lower delay of packet *** particularly address long sleeping intervals in low-duty-cycle networks by exploiting multi-path ***,we propose to employ an erasure-coding scheme to improve *** respect to energy efficiency and delivery timeliness,we formulate the problem in optimal allocation of coded blocks over multiple paths,which is then proved to be *** further propose a near-optimal algorithm to solve the allocation *** extensive simulations,we evaluate the impact of network parameters and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal.

摘要：A new fabrication technology for three-dimensionally buried silica on silicon optical waveguide based on deep etching and thermal oxidation is presented. Using this method, a silicon layer is left at the side of waveguide. The stress distribution and effective refractive index are calculated by using finite element method and finite different beam propagation method, respectively. The results indicate that the stress of silica on silicon optical waveguide fabricated by this method can be matched in parallel and vertical directions and stress birefringence can be effectively reduced due to the side-silicon layer.

摘要：The significance of bioink suitability for the extrusion bioprinting of tissue-like constructs cannot be ***,derived from the hydrolysis of collagen,not only can mimic the extracellular matrix to immensely support cell function,but also is suitable for extrusion under certain ***,gelatin has been recognized as a promising bioink for extrusion ***,the development of a gelatin-based bioink with satisfactory printability and bioactivity to fabricate complex tissue-like constructs with the desired physicochemical properties and biofunctions for a specific biomedical application is still in its ***,in this review,we aim to comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art methods of gelatin-based bioink application for extrusion ***firstly outline the properties and requirements of gelatin-based bioinks for extrusion bioprinting,highlighting the strategies to overcome their main limitations in terms of printability,structural stability and cell ***,the challenges and prospects are further discussed regarding the development of ideal gelatin-based bioinks for extrusion bioprinting to create complex tissue-like constructs with preferable physicochemical properties and biofunctions.

摘要：Active queue management （AQM） can maintain smaller queuing delay and higher throughput by purposefully dropping packets at intermediate nodes. Most of the existing AQM schemes follow the probability dropping mechanism originating from random early detection （RED）. This paper develops a novel packet dropping mechanism for AQM through designing an ONOFF controller applying the variable structure control theory. Because the binary ONOFF controller can considerably simplify the manipulation on the AQM router, it is helpful for implementing the high performance router. The design principles of ONOFF controller are discussed in detail. The guidelines towards parameter settings are presented. The performance is extensively evaluated and compared with other well-known controllers through simulations and theoretical analysis. The results demonstrate that the ONOFF controller is responsive and robust against external disturbances, and is insensitive to variances of the system parameters. Therefore, it is very suitable for the time- varying network system, and at the same time, it can also keep the instantaneous queue length at a desired level with rather small oscillations, which is conducive to achieving the technical objectives of AQM.