摘要：α-Diimide catalysts have attracted widespread attention due to their unique chain walking characteristics.A series ofα-diimide nickel/palladium catalysts with different electronic effects and steric hindrances were designed and synthesized for olefin *** this work,we synthesized a series of asymmetricα-diimide nickel complexes with different steric hindrances and used them for ethylene *** nickel catalysts have high ethylene polymerization activity,up to 6.51×10^(6)g·mol^(−1)·h^(−1),and the prepared polyethylene has a moderate melting point and high molecular weight(up to 38.2×10^(4)g·mol^(−1)),with a branching density distribution between 7 and 94 branches per 1000 *** importantly,the polyethylene prepared by these catalysts exhibits excellent tensile properties,with strain and stress reaching 800%and 30 MPa,respectively.

摘要：Cadmium sulfide(CdS)is an n-type semiconductor with excellent electrical conductivity that is widely used as an electron transport material(ETM)in solar *** present,numerous methods for preparing CdS thin films have emerged,among which magnetron sputtering(MS)is one of the most commonly used vacuum *** this type of technique,the substrate temperature is one of the key deposition parameters that affects the interfacial properties between the target film and substrate,determining the specific growth habits of the ***,the effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of magnetron-sputtered CdS(MS-CdS)films was studied and applied for the first time in hydrothermally deposited antimony selenosulfide(Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3))solar *** the substrate temperature not only results in the design of the flat and dense film with enhanced crystallinity but also leads to the formation of an energy level arrangement with a Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)layer that is more favorable for electron *** addition,we developed an oxygen plasma treatment for CdS,reducing the parasitic absorption of the device and resulting in an increase in the short-circuit current density of the solar *** study demonstrates the feasibility of MS-CdS in the fabrication of hydrothermal Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)solar cells and provides interface optimization strategies to improve device performance.

摘要：电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CO_(2)RR)能够利用可再生电能将CO_(2)转化为高附加值化学品和燃料,是一项有望缓解当下环境挑战的技术方案.本文总结了CO_(2)RR稳足性下降的根本原因,并探讨了解决这一问题的有效策略以及最新的研究进展.首先,在外加电位的作用下,催化剂会发生结构转变,且碳沉积或气体杂质引起的催化剂中毒都会降低CO_(2)RR的稳定性.其次,气体扩散层(GDL)附近发生水淹和盐沉淀会阻碍反应物/生成物的传输,三相界面会受到破坏.在长时间服役时,液压和电流的作用会导致GDL开裂.在电解质方面,碱性电解质会与CO_(2)中和,形成碳酸盐沉淀;而酸性介质腐蚀催化剂,并伴随严重的析氢副反应.另外,电解质中的金属离子杂质的优先还原进一步加剧了稳定性的衰减.深入理解CO_(2)RR中各类失活现象对设计稳定、高效的CO_(2)电催化系统具有指导意义.针对CO_(2)RR稳定性研究目前所面临的困境,本文最后展望了该领域未来的研究方向.

摘要：线性霍尔传感器被广泛用于测量磁场强度,但针对霍尔传感器动态响应特性的研究却很少。为此,设计并搭建了一种线性霍尔传感器的频率响应特性测试平台。该平台由可控恒流源、线圈、线性霍尔传感器、低噪声放大器和数据采集装置组成,通过构建系统传递函数并提出动态更新的传递函数的方法,实现了霍尔传感器动态响应特性的精确测量。利用该平台分别测试了NHE520F和P3A两款芯片的动态特性性能。结果显示,在2.5 kHz-2 MHz范围内,这两款霍尔传感器在幅频特性和相频特性方面的性能差异在测试平台上被充分显现,而且霍尔传感器的动态特性参数与静态特性参数并非必然一致,动态特性分布也不相同。此外,根据多种温湿度条件下测得的霍尔传感器幅频特性与相频特性,绘制了霍尔传感器的平均动态特性曲线和3个标准差包络曲线。基于该测试平台获得的实验数据对研究霍尔传感器动态响应特性具有重要意义。

摘要：层状无机材料的弱层间耦合和大面积表面为构建低导热性无机固体材料提供了基本框架.合成具有足够散射和非谐波性的稳定层状材料,从而降低热导率,仍是一项挑战.本文在层状无机FeOCl材料体系中,通过一步氧化还原反应成功获得了一种结构稳定的富含Fe^(2+)的层状材料,实现了表面和界面的同步改性,并实现了超低的热导率.具体而言,系统的X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)分析和电子能量损失光谱(EELS)分析表明,碱金属原子的层间插层和表面缺陷的引入诱导了大量Fe^(2+)的存在,从而增强了其非谐波性和声子散射.此外,声子态密度(PDOS)分布也提供了确凿的证据,证明了散射概率的提高和声子模式整体的软化.所制得的层状无机材料Fe(III)_(1−n)Fe(II)_(n)O_(1−x)Cl[K^(+)]_(m)不仅结构稳定,而且在298 K时的热导率比原始FeOCl降低了近60%,低至0.29 W m^(−1) K^(−1),这在层状无机材料中是极低的.这项研究为低导热层状材料的设计提供了新的视角.

摘要：分子影像广泛用于基本的生物学过程研究,众多疾病诊断、治疗策略设计以及疗效评估。半花菁染料具有良好的光物理性质、生物相容性和对生物系统的低毒性,是一种比较理想的生物成像试剂。近年来,出现了大量基于半花菁染料的探针用于分子成像的研究工作。该文系统地介绍了基于半花菁染料的探针用于荧光和多模态成像的研究进展,详细地介绍了这些可激活的半花菁探针的设计策略以及作为生物成像试剂的成功应用。最后,讨论了半花菁探针用于分子成像的发展前景。

摘要：金属负载型催化剂的界面结构设计一直是实现高效、高选择性催化反应的核心研究.本文表明,异质结结构PdNi&Ni_(3)N的界面电荷重新分布可以催化硝基苯选择性加氢成为偶氮类化合物.相比之下,独立的PdNi合金催化硝基苯转化为苯胺,而Ni_(3)N载体在相同条件下对硝基苯加氢的催化几乎没有效果. X射线光电子能谱和理论计算表明,PdNi&Ni_(3)N界面电荷重新分布导致有机反应中间体的吸附能发生变化,从而改变加氢反应途径,实现偶氮化合物的高选择性生成.本研究进一步表明了界面结构设计在有机催化加氢反应中的重要性,而且可能会引起研究者对于异质结构金属(合金)/过渡金属氮化物更多的科学兴趣,以应用于催化领域的不断发展.

摘要：通过结合非局部尺度和应变梯度效应的Mindlin板理论对轴对称旋转纳米圆板进行建模。考虑纳米圆板的剪切变形,应用非局部应变梯度理论推导出描述纳米板面外自由振动行为的控制微分运动方程。应用微分求积法对控制方程进行数值求解,从而得到旋转纳米板面外振动的固有频率。在数值算例中考虑了实际工程中常见的两种边界条件,即固定约束和简支约束。分析了固有频率随厚径比、角速度、非局部特征尺度和材料特征尺度的变化。特别地,旋转纳米圆板是否稳定的临界角速度是数值获得的。本研究对当前纳米技术和纳米器件中旋转圆形纳米结构的动态设计和控制具有参考意义。

摘要：pH dependent uorescence emission of a thioxanthone-based probe has been re-ported *** potential deter-minant factors of pH dependence may provide important clues to design novel thioxanthone-based probes in the *** dependence of photochemical kinetics of thioxanthone itself was inves-tigated in this work using nanosecond time-resolved laser ash *** nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectra and kinetics of TX in aqueous acetonitrile were recorded,as well as for a model reaction system including TX with diphenylamine(DPA)as a *** the well-known absorption peak of ^(3)TX*,other peaks at 417,518,673 and 780 nm,have been reliably attributed to major intermediates in the overall reaction between TX and DPA with photolysis,which has been con rmed to occur along a multistep *** the strong acidic solution(pH≈3.0),TX and protonated TX ions(TXH^(+))coexist due to protonated ***,high proton concentration promotes the predominant decay pathway after photolysis from electron transfer to proton ***,the di erent primary products,^(3)TXH^(+*)or TX^(·-),proceed di erent secondary reaction *** addition,within the wide pH range from weak acid(pH=5.0)to alkaline solution(pH=13.0),the overall reaction mechanism and rates do not show visible changes.

摘要：A design of a polarization beam splitter (PBS) in two-dimensional triangular photonic crystals is proposed and numerically demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge. The principle of the model is based on the polarization dependence of the photonic band gaps in photonic crystals; the polarization extinction ratios for transverse-magnetic and transverse-electric modes are 11.5 dB and 46.7 dB at the centre of its operating frequency range, respectively. When the central wavelength is tuned at 1550 nm, the possible operation wavelength range of this structure can be as large as 28.5 nm, which almost covers the whole C band in modern optical communication systems. Furthermore, due to its small size and only one kind of material being involved, the PBS structure may have practical applications in the integrated optics field.