摘要：Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are lipid-bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular *** are three types of EVs,including exosomes(30–150 nm)[1],microvesicles(100–1000 nm),and apoptotic bodies(50–4000 nm).EVs are also important intercellular communication carriers in many physiological and pathological processes such as immune response,tumor invasion,and metastasis[2,3].EVs circulate in various body fluids(e.g.,peripheral blood and urine),while carrying genetic information(e.g.,proteins and nucleic acids)from the parent cells[2,4,5].Thus,their source can be identified through gene analysis[6–10].

摘要：Craniosynostosis is a rare disease in which one or more of the cranial sutures in an infant skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone,with a prevalence of 1 in 2,000—2,500 individuals from reports in Western countries(Wilkie et al.,2017).It may restrict the growth of the brain,leading to some degree of morphological and functional abnormalities,and may affect the neurocognitive function of infants(Lattanzi et al.,2017).Genetic variants underlying craniosynostosis have been identified in cohort studies in Western populations.

摘要：生物质是世界上广泛存在的可再生资源,可以转化成高价值燃料和化学品.基于可再生能源产生的电力,将生物质衍生的5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)电催化转化为2,5-呋喃二甲醇(BHMF)具有重要的研究意义和应用价值.HMF在电转化过程中容易发生二聚反应,从而导致BHMF的选择性较低,产物分离难度大.因此,探索获得高选择性BHMF的高效催化体系极为重要.在此,本文报道了Rh掺杂的Cu纳米线催化剂,其在HMF电还原为BHMF反应中表现出较高的转化率,且有效抑制了二聚反应的发生.动力学实验和原位光谱研究表明,Rh的引入可以有效促进水解离形成活性氢物种,促进5-羟甲基糠醛电催化加氢并抑制其二聚.此催化剂设计策略可以拓展到其他生物质衍生分子的电催化转化过程中.

摘要：The creation of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)interface over Cubased catalysts is known to facilitate the production of multicarbon(C_(2+))products during CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).However,the Cu^(+)moieties exhibit high susceptibility towards reduction into Cu^(0)at a high current ***,a comprehensive understanding and rational shaping strategy for the construction and stabilization of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)interface in Cu-based catalysts is ***,we proposed a controllable“nanoparticle assembly”strategy to obtain hollow spherical assemblies(HSA)composed of numerous Cu_(2)O nanoparticles(HSA-Cu_(2)O).The HSA-Cu_(2)O catalysts significantly enhance the selectivity of C_(2+)products,resulting in an impressive overall Faraday efficiency(FE)of 79.2%±0.7%at a partial current density of 317.1 mA cm−*** HSA-Cu_(2)O catalysts undergo in-situ electrochemically reconstruction during CO_(2)RR,achieving Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)interfacial sites with a high *** Auger electron spectra,in-situ Raman,and morphological evolution studies have confirmed that the combination of the Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)interface and hollow sphere architecture facilitated the concentration of*CO intermediates,thereby promoting C–C dimerization to boost C_(2+)selectivity in CO_(2)RR.

摘要：Monitoring the electrophysiology activity of neurons and blood calcium signals can enable a better understanding of disease-related neural system ***,currently,in situ calcium ion monitoring tools are scarce and exhibit low integration and limited *** this letter,we propose an implantable probe with an integrated in situ Ag/AgCl reference electrode(ISA/ARE)that can monitor action potential(AP)and Ca^(2+) concentrations.

摘要：The intrinsic sluggish conversion kinetics and severe shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are responsible for their poor reversible capacity and cycling longevity,which have greatly hindered their practical *** address these drawbacks,herein,we design and construct a heterostructured Ni/Ni_(2)P embedded in a mesoporous carbon nanosphere composite(Ni/Ni_(2)P-MCN)for boosting polysulfide catalytic conversion in Li-S *** Ni/Ni_(2)PMCN-modified separator could not only prevent the shuttle effect significantly through abundant chemical adsorptive sites,but also demonstrate superior catalytic reactivities for the conversion of *** importantly,the conductive carbon matrix with an exposed mesoporous structure can serve as an effective physical barrier to accommodate deposited insoluble Li_(2)***,the cells with the Ni/Ni_(2)P-MCN-modified separator exhibit greatly boosted rate capability(431 mA h g^(-1) at 5 C)and cycling stability(a capacity decay of 0.031% per cycle after 1500 cycles).Even at an enhanced sulfur loading of 4.2 mg cm^(-2),a stable and superior areal capacity(about 3.5 mA h cm^(-2))has been *** envision that the unique Ni/Ni_(2)P heterostructure in the porous carbon matrix could offer great potential for highperformance and sustained energy storage devices.

摘要：光谱偏振成像技术是一种新型的光学成像技术,它不仅提高了目标的信息获取量,还降低了背景噪声,可以捕获目标细节,检测伪装目标。本文提出了一种将亚波长光栅与F-P滤光片相结合的光谱偏振测量器件,该器件可以获得超高光谱分辨率和偏振消光比,并且光谱和偏振可以灵活调控。本文设计了一种光谱偏振同时分光器,可同时获得4个光谱通道的斯托克斯参数。仿真结果表明,其光谱分辨率为217,偏振消光比为106。实验结果表明,亚波长光栅的偏振消光比大于500,透射率为90%。全介质F-P滤光片的光谱分辨率为30,在长波红外波段的透射率为60%。该设计方法具有通用性,可用于可见光、红外甚至太赫兹等波段。得益于这些优点,器件在微型偏振光谱仪和全斯托克斯偏振检测等领域有很大的应用潜力。

摘要：本文介绍了一种用于多材料拓扑优化中分配两种不同材料的新策略.基于单一材料的双向渐进结构优化(BESO)法开发的多材料双向渐进结构优化(MBESO)法能够有效的处理诸如钢-混凝土这种双材料结构的拓扑优化问题.然而,在一些特殊情况下,使用MBESO方法设计的多材料结构中,部分受压材料可能会出现受压超限导致结构不安全的情况.为了解决这种关键问题,本文提出了一种简单而有效的材料分布策略.例如在钢-混凝土结构中,部分压应力过大的混凝土材料可以用钢材替代.在压力最大的局部区域布置少量的钢材可以有效地将混凝土材料的最大压应力降至安全水平.本文通过一系列2D和3D案例的对比研究表明,相比于原始的MBESO方法,改进的双材料分布策略可以有效的解决双材料拓扑优化结构中局部压应力过大的情况,证明了该方法在增强拓扑优化复合结构的安全性方面的有效性,显示出该材料分配策略在多材料拓扑优化研究和应用中的巨大潜力和价值.

摘要：Metasurfaces provide a potent platform for the dynamic manipulation of electromagnetic ***⁃pled with phase-change materials,they facilitate the creation of versatile metadevices,showcasing various tun⁃able functions based on the transition between amorphous and crystalline ***,the inherent limitation in tunable states imposes constraints on the multiplexing channels of ***,this paper introduces a novel approach-a multi-functional metadevice achieved through the two-level control of the encoding phasechange *** the phase-change material Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Se_(4)Te1(GSST)and high refractive-index liquid di⁃iodomethane(CH_(2)I_(2)),this paper showcases precise control over electromagnetic wave *** GSST state governs the tunable function,switching it ON and OFF,while the presence of liquid in the hole dictates the deflection angle when the tunable function is ***,our tunable coding metasurface exhibits robust performance across a broad wavelength *** incorporation of high refractive-index liquid extends the regulatory dimension of the metadevice,enabling dynamic switching of encoding bit *** two-level tun⁃able metadevice,rooted in phase-change materials,presents a promising avenue for the dynamic control of func⁃tions.