摘要：Sn-based electrocatalysts have been gaining increasing attention due to their potential contribution in the conversion of CO2 into HCOOH driven by sustainable energy sources;however,their actual capability to catalyze CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR)still cannot meet the requirements of commercial-scale *** developing Snbased catalyst is of vital ***,the sheet-like heterophase Sn O2/Sn3O4 with a high density of phase interfaces has been first engineered by a facile hydrothermal process,with Sn3O4 as the dominant *** evidences from experiments and theoretical simulation indicate that the charge redistribution and built-in electric field at heterophase interfaces boost CO2 adsorption and HCOO*formation,accelerate the charge transfer between the catalysts and reactants,and ultimately greatly elevate the intrinsic activity of the heterophase Sn O2/Sn3O4 towards CO2 ***,the in-situ generated porous structure and metal Sn during CO2 RR improve the mass transmission within the interlayer volume and the conductivity of Sn O2/*** heterophase Sn O2/Sn3O4 displays high activity and selectivity for CO2 RR,achieving an improvement in CO2 reduction current density,88.3%Faradaic efficiency of HCOOH conversion at-0.9 VRHE,along with a long-term tolerance in CO2 *** study demonstrates that heterophase interface engineering is an efficient strategy to regulate advanced catalysts for different applications.

摘要：In the aspect of interactive spoken corpus construction,this paper will summarize the development,research background,characteristics and experience of CLAPI interactive spoken corpus which is jointly developed by UniversitéLumière Lyon II andÉcole Normale Supérieure de Lyon in the aspect of interactive spoken corpus *** with the characteristics of interactive spoken corpus construction,it proposes suggestions for the construction of spoken corpus in China by focusing on the former period of corpus collection,the mid period of corpus annotation as well as the later period of corpus research and *** is predictable that interactive communication spoken corpus should be incorporated into spoken corpus,which not only enriches and improves the corpus itself,but also makes positive exploration on achieving the fact that corpus serve for language teaching and research.

摘要：Development of cost-effective,active and durable electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is still a huge ***,we have constructed one-dimensional(1D)cobalt sulfide and vanadium sulfide heterojunction nanowires arranged on carbon cloth(Co_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)/CC)as bifunctional electrocatalysts for the efficient overall water *** 1D wire-structured Co_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)heterojunctions possess large surface area,plentiful active sites and rapid transport of electrons/reactants and the release of ***,the electron transfer from Co9S8 to V3S4 occurs at the interface due to the strong electronic coupling effect in Co_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)heterojunction,in which the electron-attracting V3S4(V2^(+))optimizes the adsorption of H*active species for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),while the electron-losing Co9S8(Co3+)responds to the enhancement of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)***_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)/CC exhibits low overpotentials of 85 and 232 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)and small Tafel slopes of 51 and 59 mV dec^(−1)for HER and OER,***,the electrolyzer with Co_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)/CC as both the anode and cathode requires low onset voltage of 1.35 V and cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA cm^(−2)and exhibits high Faradaic efficiencies and robust *** can be driven by a solar cell(1.53 V)for continuous production of hydrogen and *** study highlights the design of 1D sulfide heterojunction in pursuit of highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

摘要：p-d轨道之间的相互作用是一种提升电催化性能的有效方法.然而,其对主族金属的电催化CO_(2)还原(eCO_(2)RR)的增强机制尚不清晰.因此,我们向金属Bi纳米片中引入了一系列过渡金属氧化物(TMO:Fe_(2)O_(3)、Co_(3)O_(4)、NiO),并以此研究引入TMO对Bi物种eCO_(2)RR性能的影响.根据原位傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和CO_(2)-程序升温脱附(TPD)的结果,Bi/TMO中的TMO可以增强CO_(2)的吸附和活化能力.密度泛函理论(DFT)计算结果表明,Bi活性位点^(*)OCHO吸附能及p轨道的优化可以降低CO_(2)到^(*)OCHO过程和^(*)OCHO到HCOOH过程的理论过电位.同时,由于Bi与TMO之间因复合而发生的电子重排也促进了催化剂与反应物之间的电子传输.因此,在热力学和动力学的双重作用下,Bi/TMO中的Bi活性位点表现出最佳的催化能力,在更宽的电位区间内实现了更高的催化活性和甲酸选择性.其中,Bi/Fe_(2)O_(3)的增强效果最为显著.在500 mV的宽电位区间内达到较高的甲酸的法拉第效率(>90%),在-0.8 VRHE时,甲酸的法拉第效率达到最大值99.7%(Bi的1.11倍),甲酸局部电流密度达到12.65 mA cm^(-2)(Bi的1.86倍).这一研究不仅建立了eCO_(2)RR性能增强与引入TMO之间的关系,也为理性设计高性能电催化剂提供了一条实用的、可扩展的途径.