摘要：本文综述了几种土壤标本制作的方法,对比分析了各种方法的优缺点,提出了基于有机玻璃模型制作整段土壤标本的新方法;针对土壤实物标本数字共享平台的设计与建设的现状和必要性等方面进行了探讨。

摘要：一、教材版本湘教版教材(2019版)高中地理必修第一册第五章第二节“土壤的形成”第一课时。二、课标解读课标要求:通过野外观察或运用土壤标本,说明土壤的主要形成因素。课标分析:土壤的形成是多种因素影响下的动态变化过程,想要达到说明土壤的主要形成因素的目标,需要开展一定的实践活动(如观察颜色、层次、质地等),加深学生对土壤形成受气候、地形、时间、生物等多种因素综合影响的理解,这对于分析土壤与其他因素的关系具有重要的实践意义。

摘要：一、教学设计1.单元教学设计(1)单元课程标准及解读本单元对应的课程标准为“通过野外观察或运用土壤标本,说明土壤的主要形成因素”。课程标准解读如下:①通过观察土壤样本建构剖面、设计实验,说出土壤的物质组成、颜色、质地和剖面结构,掌握观察土壤的基本内容和方法。②运用图文资料,结合观察活动说明土壤的主要形成因素,并据此解释常见的与土壤有关现象。③结合实例,了解土壤的功能和养护途径,体会养护土壤的重要性。

摘要：The most common apparatus used to investigate the load-deformation parameters of homogeneous fine-grained soils is a Casagrande-type oedometer. A typical Casagrande oedometer cell has an internal diameter of 76 mm and a height of 19 ***, the dimensions of this kind of apparatus do not meet the requirements of some civil engineering applications like studying load-deformation characteristics of specimens with large-diameter particles such as granular materials or municipal solid waste materials. Therefore, it is decided to design and develop a large-scale oedometer with an internal diameter of 490 mm. The new apparatus provides the possibility to evaluate the load-deformation characteristics of soil specimens with different diameter to height ratios. The designed apparatus is able to measure the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest. The details and capabilities of the developed oedometer are provided and discussed. To study the performance and efficiency, a number of consolidation tests were performed on Firoozkoh No. 161 sand using the newly developed large scale oedometer made and also the 50 mm diameter Casagrande oedometer. Benchmark test results show that measured consolidation parameters by large scale oedometer are comparable to values measured by Casagrande type oedometer.