摘要：血管内支架置入体内后会影响血流动力学和血管壁剪切应力等生物力学耦合作用。分析支架杆件扩张受力弯曲的梯形截面比例系数,分别对二维支架梯形截面结构进行血管壁接触和血液流场流固耦合数值计算实验。结果显示,支架结构梯形截面比例系数为4时可减小支架对血管壁的接触应力,并改善支架表面的血流动力学状况。这可以避免支架置入后对血管壁形成的应力受损,显著减低支架表面血栓沉积的再狭窄率,对于血管内支架的设计具有重要的指导意义。

摘要：采用CFD技术对高温高流速环烷酸喷射试验装置的流场进行数值模拟,主要分析了喷嘴至壁面距离H、喷嘴出口流速U和流体温度T的变化对喷嘴外部区域流场分布情况的影响。结果表明:随着U的增大,H和T的减小,壁面剪切应力逐渐增大;近壁处湍流强度随U的增大和H的减小而增强;减小H能增强喷射流体冲刷效果,但是H过小时,喷嘴出口压力过大,影响设备安全运行。为了提高试样壁面冲刷腐蚀效果,达到加速试验和安全运行目的,建议H取4～8 mm为宜。

摘要：针对伊拉克M油田高压盐膏层固井井漏、下部作业井控、井口带压和高低压过渡层窜流等问题,分别从井筒准备、前置液设计、水泥浆设计及施工阶段制定了盐膏层固井的关键技术措施。通过大排量循环清洗井壁及固井期间的紊流顶替保证固井质量;对套管扶正器类型及性能进行优选提高套管居中度;结合使用压稳系数进行浆柱设计以压稳地层;以壁面剪切应力作为衡量顶替效率的有效表观参数等技术措施在M油田20口井高压盐膏层固井作业中的应用,使固井质量得到了明显改善。

摘要：目的血管搭桥术后的内膜增生往往导致手术失败,而内膜增生与搭桥血管内的流场密切相关,为改善搭桥血管中的流场结构,作者设计了偏心搭桥手术方法,利用计算机数值模拟技术,探索偏心搭桥和传统搭桥血管中流场的变化,为血管搭桥方法提供优化设计方案。方法16只犬随机分为偏心搭桥组和传统搭桥组进行血管搭桥,测定搭桥前后血管几何数据,搭桥后近心端及远心端吻合口血流量和血压。按测定的血管几何数据,FLUENT 6.2模拟搭桥血管内的流场。结果偏心搭桥近心端和远心端吻合口不在同一平面。传统搭桥中,主体动脉远心端吻合口对应面处存在一个较低壁面剪切应力(WSS)区域及流体停滞点,离脚跟较近的一部分流体会形成涡漩,血流进入主体动脉后,还会表现出迪恩涡二次流;偏心搭桥中,主体动脉吻合口对应面上的低WSS区域和流体停滞点消失,血流接触到吻合口底面后,以切向旋转的方式改变其流动方向,不会形成涡漩,且当血流进入主体动脉后,立即发生螺旋流态且能持续很长一段。结论偏心搭桥能够产生血液旋动流,显著增加远心端血流量、提高WSS。

摘要：The stent was a major breakthrough in the treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease. The permanent vascular implant of a stent, however, changes the intra-stent blood flow hemodynamics. There is a growing consensus that the stent implant may change the artery wall shear stress distribution and hence lead to the restenosis process. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely used to analyze hemodynamics in stented arteries. In this paper, two CFD models (the axisymmetric model and the 3-D stent model) were developed to investigate the effects of strut geometry and blood rheology on the intra-stent hemodynamics. The velocity profile, flow recirculation, and wall shear stress distribution of various stent strut geometries were studied. Results show strong correlations between the intra-stent hemodynamics and strut geometry. The intra-stent blood flow is very sensitive to the strut height and fillet size. A round strut with a large fillet size shows 36% and 34% reductions in key parameters evaluating the restenosis risk for the axisymmetric model and the 3-D stent model, respectively. This suggests that electrochemical polishing, a surface-improving process during stent manufacturing, strongly influences the hemodynamic behavior in stented arteries and should be controlled precisely in order to achieve the best clinical outcome. Rheological effects on the wall shear stress are minor in both axisymmetric and 3-D stent models for the vessel diameter of 4 mm, with Newtonian flow simulation tending to give more conservative estimates of restenosis risk. Therefore, it is reasonable to simulate the blood flow as a Newtonian flow in stented arteries using the simpler axisymmetric model. These findings will provide great insights for stent design optimization for potential restenosis improvement.