摘要：落实计划生育措施是保障妇女健康最基本的保健服务.目前,我国逐渐增加了依据妇女个体不同生育时期需要而研究设计的不同避孕方案,以适应计划生育服务的需求和易于推广,也便于妇女计划她们的妊娠时间和安排她们的生育计划.所有主要的计划生育方法(绝育、口服避孕药、宫内节育器、工具避孕、安全期)所致的死亡率,均低于未采用避孕措施所导致的分娩和异位妊娠带来的死亡率.在短效避孕措施中,避孕药是最高效和安全的,也是最能有效地减少非意愿妊娠的方法.但在推荐使用避孕药时需要关注长期使用的安全性.有关避孕药的安全性己有不少报道.现概括如下.

摘要：落实计划生育措施是保障妇女健康最基本的保健服务。目前,我国逐渐增加了依据妇女个体不同生育时期需要而研究设计的易于推广的不同避孕方案,以适应计划生育服务的需求,也便于妇女计划她们的妊娠时间和安排她们的生育计划。在避孕措施中,口服避孕药是最高效和安全的,也是最能有效地减少非意愿妊娠的方法。

摘要：Objective: To determine whether regulating vitamin C(ascorbic acid: AA) intak e to achieve higher or lower plasma concentrations was associated with improved clinical outcome. Design: A double blind, randomised controlled trial. Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit at Christchurch Women’s Hospital. Patients: Infan ts with birth weight < 1500 g or gestation < 32 weeks, admitted to the unit wi thin 48 hours of birth. Intervention: Infants were randomised to one of three pr otocols with regard to AA supplementation for the first 28 days of life: group L L received low supplementation throughout; group LH received low until day 10 an d then high: group HH received high throughout. Main outcome measures: Primary o utcome measures were oxygen requirement at 28 days and 30 weeks postmenstrual ag e, total days supplemental oxygen, and retinopathy of prematurity. AA concentrat ions were measured at study entry (day 2), and days 10, 21, and 28. Reults: A to tal of 119 infants were enrolled over 24 months (mean gestation 28.4 weeks; birt h weight 1161 g). Six infants died, and these had significantly higher AA concen trations before randomisation than surviving infants (116 μ mol/l (95% confid ence interval 90 to 142) v 51 μ mol/l (45 to 58), p < 0.0001). There were no si gnificant differences in primary outcomes between the groups. However, the propo rtion of surviving infants with an oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age in group HH(19% )- was half that in group LL (41% ) (p = 0.06). Conclusio ns: In a randomised controlled trial, no significant benefits or harmful effects were associated with treatment allocation to higher or lower AA supplementation throughout the first 28 days of life.