摘要：To evaluate the reliability of pelvic X- ray and transvaginal ultrasound to localize Essure microinserts (Conceptus,San Carlos, California) after successful place-ment in both fallopian tubes 3 months after placement. Design: Prospective,observational study. Setting: Gynecology departments at two teaching hospitals. Patient(s): One hundred eighty- two patients who underwent hysteroscopic sterilization by placement of Essure microinserts between August 2002 and August 2004. Intervention(s): Transvaginal ultrasound, pelvic X- ray,and hysterosalpingography (HSG) 3 months after sterilizationwith Essure. Main Outcome Measure(s): Transvaginal ultrasound confirmation of correct localization of microinserts after a 3- month follow- up. Result(s): In 150 of 182 patients, confirmation of successful bilateral placement of two microinserts(300 devices) was possible. In 9 patients it was not possible to identify both devices with ultrasound, or there was doubt about the extension of the device through the uterotubal junction. The other 291 devices were identified as being in a good ***(s): Hysterosalpingography at the 3- month follow-up after successful placement of Essure microinserts can be replaced by transvaginal ultrasonography. A 3- month follow-up with HSG after the Essure procedure is only required after unsatisfactory placements. In those patients in whom transvaginal ultrasonography can not confirm satisfactory localization, acomplementary pelvic X- ray should be performed.

摘要：偏头痛（migraine）是一种常见的慢性神经血管性疾病,与脑卒中、情感障碍等多种疾病相关。近年发现偏头痛患者中心脏右向左分流（right-to-left shunts,RLS）的检出率显著高于正常人群,特别是在先兆性偏头痛患者中。这两种疾病之间可能存在相关性,但它们的因果关系和发病机制还不完全清楚。一些学者通过设计实验提出了一些假说,并发现封堵RLS能显著缓解偏头痛发作甚至可以治愈,

摘要：作者设计了便携式的TCD（ATCD）可用于长时程检测微栓子。将40g重的2MHz探头置于常规TCD检出MCA信号的部位，以专用弹性头带或眼镜固定，探头电缆接插小电脑，放入上衣口袋。患者可在房中继续其日常活动，检查者通过遥控实时观察多普勒频谱，其信号可自动或手工调整，可贮存。本文进行以下两方面的研究。