摘要：对于可疑宫内情况不良的早产儿，即刻分娩可能会减少宫内缺氧对胎儿的损害，但同时会增加其早产不成熟的风险。本研究旨在评估此类早产儿即刻分娩和延迟分娩对母儿的远期影响。检索范围为Cochrane妊娠和分娩学组临床试验注册中（截至2016年4月30日）的相关文献。人选文献标准：随机对照临床试验；针对有宫内情况不良早产儿，进行即刻分娩和延迟分娩（或期待疗法）的比较。半随机和整群随机设计的临床试验均可纳入，但未检索到相关文献。

摘要：妊娠期亚临床甲状腺功能减退是常见的妊娠期甲状腺疾病,没有明显特异性表现,临床诊断只能靠实验室检查。目前关于妊娠期亚临床甲状腺功能减退是否会增加与流产、早产等不良妊娠结局和妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压等妊娠期并发症发生率,影响子代神经智力发育仍存在争议,仍需更多更大规模设计严密的前瞻性试验研究来提供证据支持。本文通过对妊娠期影响甲状腺功能的因素、诊断标准、母儿结局及治疗相关研究进展进行综述。

摘要：Objective: To compare maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with two methods to extract the impacted fetal head during Cesarean delivery. Study design: We retrospectively analyzed cases with difficult extraction of the impacted fetal head during Cesarean section. We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes between cases that were delivered by head extraction following pushing through the vagina (“ push” method) and those that were delivered by the reverse breech technique (“ pull” method). Results: We reviewed 3105 Cesarean section reports. Difficult extraction necessitating the “ push” or “ pull” methods was noted in 48 (1.5% ) instances. Women that were delivered by the “ pull” method had significantly lower rate of postpartum fever (5% versus 46% ; odds ratios, 0.06; 95% confidence intervals, 0.007- 0.51) and extensions of the uterine incision (15% versus 50% ; odds ratio, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04- 0.74) compared to those that were delivered by the “ push” method. Neonatal outcomes were good in all cases. Conclusions: In cases with difficult extraction of the impacted fetal head during Cesarean section, “ pull” method may result in lower maternal morbidity compared to the traditional “ push” method.