摘要：目的:对高山滑雪运动员肩关节陈旧性损伤康复工作进行研究和总结,为相关损伤制定康复方案、明确康复目标及任务、选择康复方法及手段提供参考。方法:根据临床诊断结果和康复目标,设计了为期8周、3个阶段的康复方案,运用针灸、推拿、理疗、功能性训练等方式,从肩关节疼痛等级、活动度、肌力3个维度观测康复方案的有效性。结果:8周康复治疗后,疼痛、肿胀基本消失;左侧肩关节活动度趋于正常,后伸、外展、90°位外旋动作活动度方面与同级别男性运动员存在显著性差异(p<0.01);肌力恢复率达到82.1%。结论:运用整体观设计的康复方案与运动员肩部陈旧性损伤情况高度契合,切实有效地缓解了肩关节疼痛,显著改善了关节活动度,大幅提高了肌力,基本达到了预期目标,对后续顺利开展专项训练具有积极作用。

摘要：Aims: To investigate what patterns of bruising are diagnostic or suggestive of child abuse by means of a systematic review. Methods: All language literature search 1951-2004. Included: studies that defined patterns of bruising in non-abused or abused children < 18 years. Excluded: personal practice, review articles, single case reports, inadequate confirmation of abuse. Two independent full text reviews using standardised data extraction and critical appraisal forms. Studies ranked by study design and definition of abuse used. Results: Twenty three studies included: seven non-abusive bruising, 14 abusive bruising, and two both. Non-abusive: The prevalence, number, and location of bruises is related to increased motor development. Bruising in non-independently mobile babies is very uncommon ( < 1%). Seventeen per cent of infants who are starting to mobilise, 53%of walkers, and the majority of schoolchildren have bruises. These are small, sustained over bony prominences, and found on the front of the body. Abuse: Bruising is common in children who are abused. Any part of the body is vulnerable. Bruises are away from bony prominences; the commonest site is head and neck (particularly face) followed by the buttocks, trunk, and arms. Bruises are large, commonly multiple, and occur in clusters. They are often associated with other injury types that may be older. Some bruises carry the imprint of the implement used. Conclusion: When abuse is suspected, bruising must be assessed in the context of medical, social, and developmental history, the explanation given, and the patterns of non-abusive bruising. Bruises in non-mobile infants, over soft tissue areas, that carry the imprint of an implement and multiple bruises of uniform shape are suggestive of abuse. Quality research across the whole spectrum of children is urgently needed.