摘要：The national qualification framework of a country requires a certain level of knowledge and complexity of skills for an academic degree to be recognized. For architectural programs, student workload is heavy on design courses. Therefore, each course must be carefully developed to ensure that students are not overloaded. Teaching and learning strategies have different implications for courses, which occasionally result in overloading the students. This research aims to study the three main pillars of teaching and [earning strategies for each design phase in pedagogic design studios. The most appropriate model for each teaching and [earning strategy, including a set of the three main pillars, is then identified for each design phase. A practical strategy for managing design studios is also determined. The aforementioned three pillars are as follows： teaching and learning methods, assigned tasks or study aspects, and design communication techniques. Two research methods, namely, a literature review and a survey among design educators, are adopted. The literature review examines aspects that contribute to the design process and its phases, teaching methods, design skills, communication methods, and studio management strategies. On the basis of the literature review, the background of developments and practices in the design education process are used as constructive tools to develop the survey for design educators. Through the survey, the pillars of teaching and [earning strategies that are frequently practiced in design studios are evaluated. Results of this study are classified into three ranks using the nature break classification method for numerical values. Subsequently, three priority models that correspond to teaching and learning strategies, as welt as to the required skills and capabilities, are established. A group-based strategy with an interdisciplinary approach is also determined to be the most suitable technique for managing the pedagogy of architectural

摘要：This paper analyzes the problem of the design of envelopes for high-rise isolated residential buildings. The phenomenon of envelope creation appears in the early stages of the architectural design. Variables that influence the final shape and size of such envelopes are then identified. This paper presents the state-of-the-art tools for the current solutions at the commercial and academic/scientific level. The variables identified in this research are the client＇s needs, the urban code and architectural practice, and their specific components for the final creation of a new decision support system tool based on the building information modeling （BIM） software platform, to facilitate the work in the project development and drawing production stages. This tool generates several options for building envelopes according to the parameters required by the city Zoning Planning Commission. These options then lead to deliver reliable data and a geometry that can be analyzed in a timely fashion by the engineers, builders, architects, government, and clients in the early stages of the building＇s design. The results show that use of specific information and communication technologies （ICT） tools in the early stages of a building design helps reduce the working time, increases confidence in the generated solution, and contributes to the exploration of alternatives in a short period of time.

摘要：Certain confusion may be observed in the field of biomimetic architecture,as it emerges at the crossroad of two disciplinary domains:architectural design and biological *** biomimetics is defined as a science,once it is applied to architecture,biomimetic architecture should logically be defined as a science *** assertion collides with the nature of architectural design,which may rather be defined as a technology:its aim is to transform the world,not to explain *** the one hand,there is no obvious relationship between architecture and life *** the other hand,the biomimetic approach tends to redefine the concept of science itself by seeking to avoid the excesses of ***,existing applications of biomimetic design show that it is difficult to observe a genuine biomimetic architecture;most cases are closer to engineering component or urban planning and sometimes they involve little or no life *** aim of this paper is to describe this conceptual confusion through two movements called“forcings”,occurring between design and *** forcings are conceptualised as shifts between constructed scientific objects and given empirical ***,used in biology as in architecture,allow these shifts by virtue of their double *** are both tools for knowledge and for design,thus they may be conceptually forced into what they are not supposed to be,particularly in the field of biomimetic architecture where design process and scientific knowledge are said to meet.

摘要：This essay begins with a reflection on what has been taught in architectural design since the turn of the twentieth century.I shall trace back to the two disciplinary foundations of the FrenchÉcole des Beaux-Arts-parti and poché-in the education of an architect in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.I shall then attempt to superimpose parti and pochéon a modern disciplinary framework,say that of mathematics,which leads to musings on a series of architectural problems that include pattern versus type,stability versus mobility,orthogonal versus oblique,confinement versus transparency,and aging versus metallic *** paradoxes,I suggest,demand the education of an architect to address both the instrumental pattern of a building configuration and the ambient felt qualities of a room,rather than vision alone.

摘要：As the architecture,engineering,and construction(AEC)industry is marching into the sustainable and low-carbon era,the performance of architecture has drawn more attention than *** technology has made quantified analysis of architectural performance possible and,therefore,directly enables architects and engineers to incorporate performance analysis into the design work *** is argued that performance-based and performancedriven architectural designs differ in that the latter involves computer-aided optimization technique so that the performance can be used as the criteria to truly“drive”the *** paper starts with a brief introduction of performance issues in architectural design,followed by a review of the evolution of performance-based architectural *** concept of performance-driven architectural design is presented,and some design projects and research work are *** driving engine,i.e.,optimization technique,and its application in architectural design is *** to making performance-driven design a common practice are explained,and a schematic of integrated performance-based/driven architectural design software is proposed.

摘要：An architectural design process is investigated to achieve form flexibility in industrialized building systems （IBS）, as IBS constructions do not have sufficient flexibility to develop varied architectural forms. The ethnography method has been used to examine the issues related to ＂form＂ flexibility in the design life cycle of IBS constructions by observing the constructions of live experimental models. The major tasks and respective design aspects that facilitate form flexibitities in architectural design have been identified. Furthermore, an integrated life cycle mode[ has been developed to effectively address the interfaces between the design tasks and eventually fulfill the needs of IBS in the design life cycle.

摘要：As an important element in sustainable building design, the building envelope has been witnessing a constant shift in the design approach. Integrating multi-objective optimization (MOO) into the building envelope design process is very promising, but not easy to realize in an actual project due to several factors, including the complexity of optimization model construction, lack of a dynamic-visualization capacity in the simulation tools and consideration of how to match the optimization with the actual design process. To overcome these difficulties, this study constructed an integrated building envelope design process (IBEDP) based on parametric modelling, which was implemented using Grasshopper platform and interfaces to control the simulation software and optimization algorithm. A railway station was selected as a case study for applying the proposed IBEDP, which also utilized a grid-based variable design approach to achieve flexible optimum fenestrations. To facilitate the stepwise design process, a novel strategy was proposed with a two-step optimization, which optimized various categories of variables separately. Compared with a one-step optimization, though the proposed strategy performed poorly in the diversity of solutions, the quantitative assessment of the qualities of Pareto-optimum solution sets illustrates that it is superior. © 2016, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

摘要：Climate change and rising sea levels present immediate threats to ***,the global catastrophe fails to generate sufficient *** to total submergence within 80 years,this study undertakes an iterative design process seeking sustainable adaptation strategies for the coastal island nation of the Maldives,specifically,Male,its capital,which exists under a"state of alert"by order of *** methods include literature reviews,site analysis,mapping,and iterative design processes to develop an implementation framework *** concepts are presented as speculative images with context-specific spatial relationships and *** do not intend to represent a conclusive prototype,rather,an ideation-a solution-based discourse among key audiences highlighting the need to act decisively and adaptively.

摘要：The architectural design competition remains a widely accepted method to advance design innovation, creativity, theoretical discourse, and the profession. In the rearm of healthcare facility design, by contrast, clients and their sponsoring organizations seldom utilize this method. The reasons for this are many, and continue to stand in stark contrast to a growing body of evidence-based research and design （EBREtD）that is potentially of value in improving performance-based dimensions-esthetic and otherwise-of healthcare facilities globally. A comparative analysis of the entrants to a recent U.S. completion was conducted. Based on the results of this anatysis, a two-phased healthcare facility design competition paradigm is put forth that is premised on the assumption that the intuitive dimensions of design creativity can be further advanced by means of a weft timed and thoughlfur injection of quantitatively based knowtedge pertaining to patient, family, staff, and organizational concerns and priorities. This proposal＇s limitations, and future opportunities, are discussed.

摘要：This article reports the discussion about the multiple relations between architectural design and ＂place＂ using two different approaches in order to characterize the interfaces of design challenges. The first is qualitative, highlighting the lack of dialogue between the standard-project architecture, the guidelines recommended by the COEDI （Coordenagao Geral de Educao Infantil （General Coordination of Early Childhood Education）） of the Ministry of Education, socio-technical and cultural-environmental context and pedagogy. The second, more quantitative, addresses the problems generated by dissociation between the constructive solutions and the bioclimatic demands of different insertion contexts of architectural design in the Brazilian Bioclimatic Zone 2. Initially planned to use a conventional building system, it was transposed to the Wall System, developed by MVC Componentes Pl^tsticos Ltda. The simulation evaluates and compares the level of thermal comfort of the building with two envelope systems. The study reports the analysis of the thermal comfort of a Type C unit, based on thermodynamic simulation, through the software design Builder （version 4.2.0.054）. The analysis of the building simulation results was based on the adaptive comfort model ASHRAE 55/2010. Later, three optimization measures of the thermal comfort level of the building were tested, based on thermal insulation and absorptance coverage, in addition to sun protection system design for the window frames. Preliminary results for the level of comfort of long permanence environments indicate a tow level of thermal comfort, the 50% in MVC system and around 60% in the conventional system, and also that the greater discomfort comes from the heat. Based on performance optimization measures of building, the MVC system reached 66.4% of thermal comfort compared to 62% in the conventional system. The results show the importance of adapting the standard project to the local climatic context.