摘要：High-energy-density(HED)fuels(***-10)are of great importance in safeguarding territorial air security,since they can increase the flight range and payload of military *** reduce the reliance on limited petroleum source,the production of HED fuel with renewable biomass feedstocks is highly *** currently,most of the synthetic biofuels,due to their intrinsic ring structure,are incapable of competing with JP-10 in terms of energy density and freezing *** emulating the structural characteristic of JP-10,we herein design and prepare a special C16 fused tetracyclic biofuel using renewable cyclopentanone and benzoquinone as *** to success depends on selective dehydration of vicinal diol(dimer of cyclopentanone)over Amberlyst-15 in[Hmim]*** Amberlyst-15/[Hmim]Cl system effectively suppresses the dominant pinacol-type rearrangement pathway and also exhibits good reusability for the *** hydrogen-bonding interaction between vicinal diol and imidazolium ring,as well as electrostatic force between carbocation intermediate and chloride anion contribute to the high diene *** compact ring framework gives rise to a density of 0.966 g/mL,combustion heat of 43.1 MJ/L,freezing point of‒67℃,and kinematic viscosity of 12.4 cSt,which are comparable to the properties of *** is expected that this as-prepared HED biofuel may potentially serve as a renewable alternative to petroleum fuel JP-10.

摘要：The Pailugou watershed of the Qilian Mountains in the arid region of northeast China was selected for research to analyze the species, height, and biomass in typical mountain grassland with an altitude of 2,700–3,000 m and measure soil moisture, so as to explore the seasonal characteristics of grassland biomass as altitude increases and the relationship between grassland biomass and soil moisture. The results showed that:(1) with a mean value of 135.36 g/m^2, grassland aboveground biomass showed a unimodal distribution from rise to decline as altitude increased, and reached its maximum of 176.79 ± 28.37 g/m^2 at an altitude of 2,900 m; with a mean value of 946.13 g/m^2, grassland underground biomass showed an uptrend as altitude increased, and reached its maximum of 1,301.19 ± 68.24 g/m^2 at an altitude of 3,000 m;(2) the difference between aboveground biomass and underground biomass in the grassland at different altitudes was significant;(3) values of root shoot ratio of the arid mountain grassland varied between 4.14–11.95;(4) values of soil moisture content of the arid mountain grassland varied between 9.23%–31.31%;(5) there was a positive correlation between aboveground biomass and underground biomass and the mean soil moisture content(p < 0.05), with a correlation coefficient of 0.778 4 and 0.784 3 respectively, soil layers with different moisture content made different contributions to grassland biomass, and moisture content in the soil layer where over-60-cm root systems were located was of significance to grassland biomass.

摘要：A laboratory scale downdraft biomass gasifier was designed to deliver a mechanical power of 4 kW and thermal power of about 15 kW. The gasifier was manufactured as a single piece having a water seal and cover. The gasifier was tested in natural downdraft and forced downdraft mode. Ignition of the fuel beneath the grate, during natural downdraft mode, using wood shavings as fuel, produced gas which burned with a blue flame for 15 minutes. Ignition at the throat, using either palm kernel shells or wood shavings, during the natural downdraft mode, the gasifier did not produce syngas. During the forced downdraft mode, fuel was ignited at the throat. Gasification was successful with the palm kernel shells, during forced downdraft, which produced gas which burned steadily with luminous flame for 15 minutes per kilogram of biomass fed. However, wood shavings experienced some bridging problems during the forced downdraft mode of operation. The fuel conversion rate of the gasifier, when using palm kernel shells as fuel in forced downdraft mode, was 4 kg/h. Forced downdraft mode of operation yielded better results and is the preferred operation of the gasifier.

摘要：Since 1978, Brazil has invested into bio-fuels alternatives, especially ethanol from sugar-cane processing and that has increased the bagasse production, which requires proper destination and a potential use of such biomass is the gasification process. In the present study, a conceptual design of a gasification system to convert sugar cane bagasse into syngas is presented, which considers air as gasification agent in a flexible configuration of bubbling fluidized bed reactor operating from atmospheric pressure up to 2 MPa, providing a net power output （referred at gas cold conditions） of 3 MWt and 66 MWt, respectively. In this last case, the gas may be used not just as a fuel for gas turbines and internal combustion engines for power generation but also to feed Fischer-Tropsch processes. The optimized conceptual design of the gasifier is described here and was achieved using the CSFMB （Comprehensive Simulator of Fluidized and Moving Bed Equipment）. Simulations predicted the production of gas with high heating value as well stable operations at both conditions. The conceptual design would be followed by the detailed one and construction. Tests would be carried in the near future and would allow direct comparison between the calculated and experimental results.

摘要：Clean catalytic oxidation has a broad prospect in the modern chemical engineering and energy chemistry ***,unexpected over-oxidation and disruptive degradation are frequently induced by excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS).Herein,we reported a new ROS-free approach to effectively drive O_(2) to be activated into highly reactive surface peroxo species through enzyme-mimicking *** from the dual-metal synergy effect between Cu and Co active sites,ROS(H_(2)O_(2) and OH•)is generated in situ while further scavenged completely into surface peroxo species,which gives rise to very high selectivity and extremely high carbon *** example,the CuCo/N-C catalyst affords>99.8%conversion and 94.5%selectivity to 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid at 25℃ for 6 h in the aerobic oxidation of biomass platform ***,it achieved exceptional performance in the oxidation of a variety of hydroxyl compounds to organic acids with high yields(89.9%–99.5%)at a mild temperature(25–40℃).This exploration introduces an innovative clue for emulating enzyme catalysts,thereby enriching our comprehension and advancement of biologically inspired catalytic oxidations.

摘要：The efficient and selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation(ECH)of furfural is considered a green strategy for achieving biomass-derived high-value *** an aqueous electrolytic environment,a green hydrogen energy source of water,is significant for improving the selectivity of products and reducing energy *** this study,we systematically investigated the mechanism of pH dependence of product selectivity in the ECH of furfural on Cu *** acidic conditions,the oxygen atom dissociated directly from hydrogenated furfural-derived alkoxyl intermediates,followed by stepwise hydrogenation until H_(2)O formation via a thermodynamically favorable proton-coupled electron transfer process,thereby inducing a high proportion of the hydrogenolysis product(2-methylfuran).However,under partial alkaline conditions,furfural could be directly hydrogenated to furfuryl alcohol(selectivity~98%)due to the high-energy barrier of the deoxidation process via a surface hydride(Had)*** results highlight the vital role of the electrolytic environment in furfural selective conversion and broaden our fundamental understanding of hydrodeoxygenation reactions in ECH.

摘要：Photocatalytic decomposition of sugars is a promising way of providing H_(2),CO,and HCOOH as sus-tainable energy ***,the production of C_(1) chemicals requires the cleavage of robust C−C bonds in sugars with concurrent production of H_(2),which remains ***,the photo-catalytic activity for glucose decomposition to HCOOH,CO(C_(1) chemicals),and H_(2) on Cu/TiO_(2)was enhanced by nitrogen *** to nitrogen doping,atomically dispersed and stable Cu sites resistant to light irradiation are formed on Cu/TiO_(2).The electronic interaction between Cu and nitrogen ions originates valence band structure and defect levels composed of N 2p orbit,distinct from undoped Cu/TiO_(2).Therefore,the lifetime of charge carriers is prolonged,resulting in the pro-duction of C_(1) chemicals and H_(2) with productivities 1.7 and 2.1 folds that of Cu/TiO_(2).This work pro-vides a strategy to design coordinatively stable Cu ions for photocatalytic biomass conversion.

摘要：The study of swirling jet combustor for biomass coal co-firing is of great interest for energy industry. The biomass co-firing can serve as a NOx reduction method as well as the better use of renewable energy source. Large eddy simulation (LES) and RANS modelling have been performed with two different burner designs. Usually pulverized coal-biomass mixture enters the furnace along with primary air through primary pipe, and the secondary pipe provides necessary air and mixing for combustion. The improved model has three passages including primary, secondary and middle passage for swirling. The simulations on two geometries have been compared, and the aim is to design a better and improved burner model for better pre-combustion mixing in the biomass co- fired furnace. The results from two-way and three-way geometry have been compared with each other as well as with the results from the furnace model used by Apte and Mahesh [8].

摘要：This study aimed to identify the potential of shrub legumes as protein feed in West Timor. Eight shrub legumes, i.e., Clitoria ternatea Q5455 （CT Q5455）, Clitoria ternatea millgara （CT millgara）, Centrosema pascuorum bundey （CP bundey）, Centrosema pascuorum molle （CP molle）, Macroptilium bracteatum juanita （MB Juanita）, Macroptilium bracteatum cadaarga （MB cadaarga）, Dolichos lablab （DL） and Stylossanthes seabrana （SS） were evaluated for their yield and nutritive value in Randomized Block Design. Each legume was cultivated in four plots of different soil fertility as block （5 ~ 5 m2 per plot）. Phosphorus （P） fertilizer was applied once just before planting at level of 50 kg ha~. Watering was done three times per week using sprinkler. The legumes were harvested at 120 days after planting （dap） in three sub-plots of 1 x 1 m2 size for their yield measurement. Samples of each legume was taken for Dry Matter （DM）, Organic Matter （OM）, Crude Protein （CP）, cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin content and in vitro DM, OM and CP digestibility test. Data were statistically analyzed using Genstat release 12.2. The results showed that the legumes showed significantly different （P 〈 0.01） in biomass yield. The highest biomass yield was shown by SS （6,739 kg DM ha-l; 6,120 kg OM ha1 and 1,224 kg CP hal） and the lowest was by DL （1,294 kg DM ha^-1; 1,157 kg OM ha^-1 and 242 kg CP ha^-1）. In general, there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） of DM digestibility of the eight legumes, except for DL which showed significantly highest （P 〈 0.01） DM and OM digestibility compared to the other.

摘要：To meet the large-scale smashing production of soft straw and hard straw with high fiber materials and overcome the shortcomings of single-mission cutter and shredder, a straw grinder with air-induced discharging device was developed, which realized the force feeding of hard straws with high fiber. The results showed that soft straw could be directly fed into the smashing device without cutting with the average efficiency of 1.27 kg/h and electricity consumption o per ton of 32.0 k W·*** hard straw with high fiber should be first fed into the shredding device with force feeding roll to cut and then grinded, for which the efficiency average was 0.67kg/h and electricity consumption per ton was 60.5 k W·h. The machine was stable,safe and reliable with strong adaptability of materials and no-dust operating environment, which satisfied the design requirements.