摘要：The reduction of water resources and soil fertility in Northeast China will have a requirement on higher working efficiency of agricultural soil-engaging *** adhesion and resistance are main problems for soil-engaging tillage ***,the soil-burrowing or soil-digging animals give inspirations to resolve those *** fair,claw,toe,textured surface and scales have functions of anti-adhesion or resistance *** results provide a way to realize the sustainable development of modern agriculture by developing novel biomimetic agricultural machinery systems with independent intellectual property rights to meet conservation tillage requirements in the Northern China *** structures of some soil-burrowing or soil-digging animals,such as beetle,mole cricket,earthworm,mole,vole,pangolin,and snake,as well as their mechanisms of anti-adhesion or reducing resistance were reviewed in this *** applications in Northeast China were also presented in the paper,including moldboard,subsoiler components,furrow opener,roller,and biomimetic rototilling-stubble-breaking *** addition,the existed problems in agricultural engineering and the future development trends were discussed.

摘要：This paper summaries the investigations on natural flyers and development of bio-mimetic micro air vehicles(MAVs)at NUAA,China,where the authors have led a group to conduct research for a decade. The investigations include the studies of low Reynolds number aerodynamics,unsteady computational fluid dynamics and flight control for the fixed-wing MAVs,the bird-like MAVs,the dragonfly-like MAVs and the bee-like MAVs.

摘要：One of the reasons behind failed engineering surfaces and mechanical components is particle erosion wear;thus,to mitigate its happening,biomimetic engineering is the current state-of-the-art being ***,this paper reviews the literature and the development trends on erosive wear resistance that employ biomimetic methods as well as analyze the bio-inspired surface,the bio-inspired structure,the bio-based materials,the associated challenges,and the future ***,the feasibility of the multi-biological and perspective on the coupling biomimetic method for anti-erosion wear are *** is concluded that the design of anti-erosion materials or structures by the bio-inspired methods is of great significance in the development of engineering applications.

摘要：Currently, there are only three classical and a handful of emerging design methodologies available to structural engineers worldwide. None of these methodologies can explain the design concepts involved in the realization of natural structures such as trees, nor can they fully address the design needs of contemporary engineering structures. The recently developed Performance Control （PC） incorporates both the essence of the classical concepts and the newer procedures and addresses the observed performance of the structure during its known history of loading, PC attempts to mimic nature by applying the known theories of structures to the design of case-specific frameworks, rather than investigating their results for compliance against prescriptive criteria. Parametric examples have been provided to illustrate the applications of the conceptual design similarities between trees and manmade moment frames. It has been shown that an understanding of the structural performance of trees can enhance the structural design of moment frames, and that bioinspired PC can lead to minimum weight moment frames under lateral loading. The analogous performances of the natural and manmade structures may help explain the structural response of trees to similar loading scenarios.

摘要：Fish mortality assessments for turbine passages are currently performed by live-animal testing with up to a hundred thousand fish per year in Germany.A propelled sensor device could act as a fish *** this context,the study presented here investigates the state of the art via a thorough literature review on propulsion systems for aquatic *** evaluation of propulsion performance,weight,size and complexity of the motion achievable allows for the selection of an optimal concept for such a fish mimicking device carrying the *** the second step,the design of a bioinspired soft robotic fish driven by an unconventional drive system is *** is based on piezoceramic actuators,which allow for motion with five degrees of freedom(DOF)and the creation of complex bio-mimicking body motions.A kinematic model for the motion’s characteristics is developed,to achieve accurate position feedback with the use of strain *** measurements validate the complex deformation of the body and deliver the basis for the calibration of the kinematic ***,it can be shown,that the calibrated model presented allows the tracking of the deformation of the entire body with an accuracy of 0.1 mm.

摘要：A jumping mechanism can be an efficient mode of motion for small robots to overcome large obstacles on the ground and rough terrain. In this paper, we present a 7 g prototype of locust-inspired jumping mechanism that uses springs, wire, reduction gears, and a motor as the actuation components. The leg structure and muscles of a locust or grasshopper were mimicked using springs and wire, springs for passive extensor muscles, and a wire as a flexor muscle. A small motor was used to slowly charge the spring through a lever and gear system, and a cam with a special profile was used as a clicking mechanism for quick release of elastic energy stored in the springs to create a sudden kick for a quick jump. Performance analysis and experiments were conducted for comparison and performance estimation of the jumping mechanism prototype. Our prototype could produce standing jumps over obstacles that were about 14 times its own size （approximate to 71 cm） and a jumping distance of 20 times its own size （approximate to 100 cm）.

摘要：In this paper, modeling, locomotion generation, motion library design and path planning for a real prototype of an Anguilliform robotic fish are presented. The robotic fish consists of four links and three joints, and the driving forces are the torques applied to the joints. Considering kinematic constraints and hydrodynamic forces, Lagrangian formulation is used to obtain the dynamic model of the fish. Using this model, three major locomotion patterns of Anguilliform fish, including forward locomotion, backward locomotion and turning locomotion are investigated. It is found that the fish exhibits different locomotion patterns by giving different reference joint angles, such as adding reversed phase difference, or adding deflections to the original reference angles. The results are validated by both simulations and experiments. Furthermore, the relations among the speed of the fish, angular frequency, undulation amplitude, phase difference, as well as the relationship between the turning radius and deflection angle are investigated. These relations provide an elaborated motion library that can be used for motion planning of the robotic fish.

摘要：The fore claws of the nymph of Cryptotympana atrata have excellent ability to cut and dig soil. Inspired by this, we designed a biomimetic stubble cutter to reduce the cutting resistance. Reverse engineering and 3D print technology were applied to design the biomimetic stubble cutter. Two types of biomimetic corn stubble cutters with different tooth heights （5 mm and 2.5 mm） were designed. The cutting ability of biomimetic corn stubble cutters was compared to the conventional design by the quadratic regression orthogonal test. Tooth height, dip angle of cutting edge, and cutting velocity were chosen as orthogonal test factors. The biomimetic stubble cutters show lower cutting resistance than the conventional one. Cutting velocity exerts the least effect on cutting resistance, followed by tooth height and dip angle of cutting edge. Optimal combination with the least cutting resistance is tooth height of 2.5 mm and dip angle of cutting edge of 40° while the cutting resistance does not vary remarkably with cutting velocity. Test results indicate the serrated structure design as a principal factor for cutting resistance reduction. The biomimetic stubble cutter design, inspired by the soil-cutting mechanism of Cryptotympana atrata nymph, remarkably improves the performance of stubble cutter.

摘要：Mole rat （Scaptochirus moschatus）, a soil-burrowing mammal, can efficiently dig soil using its fore claws. The profile curves of its claw toe provide excellent structure for digging. In this paper, a biomimetic stubble-cutting disc was designed by learning from the geometrical characteristics of the mole rat claw toes. To compare the structural strength and working eff^- ciency of the biomimetic disc and the conventional stubble-cutting disc, three-dimensional （3D） models of the discs were built and numerical analyzed in ABAQUS. In the dynamic soil cutting model, soil was modeled as an elastic-plastic material with elastic parameters, including Young＇s modulus, Poisson＇s ratio and Drucker-Prager criterion, which were obtained from triaxial tests. A general contact algorithm was used to simulate the interaction between rotary disc and soil. In FEA models, for the combined action of normal and friction stresses, the stress on the biomimetic disc is 34.33% lower than that of the conventional disc. For only the normal stress, the stress on the biomimetic disc is 22.64% lower than that on the conventional one. The magnitude of soil stress in biomimetie disc cutting model is 6.87% higher than that in conventional disc. The FEA results indicate that the biomimetic disc performs better in structural strength and cutting efficiency.

摘要：Synthetic dry adhesives inspired by the nano-and micro-scale hairs found on the feet of geckos and some spiders have beendeveloped for almost a decade. Elastomeric single level micro-scale mushroom shaped fibres are currently able to function evenbetter than natural dry adhesives on smooth surfaces under normal loading. However, the adhesion of these single level syntheticdry adhesives on rough surfaces is still not optimal because of the reduced contact surface area. In nature, contact area ismaximized by hierarchically structuring different scales of fibres capable of conforming surface roughness. In this paper, weadapt the nature’s solution arid propose a novel dual-level hierarchical adhesive design using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),which is tested under peel loading at different orientations. A negative macro-scale mold is manufactured by using a laser cutterto define holes in a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plate. After casting PDMS macro-scale fibres by using the obtainedPMMA mold, a previously prepared micro-fibre adhesive is bonded to the macro-scale fibre substrate. Once the bondingpolymer is cured, the micro-fibre adhesive is cut to form macro scale mushroom caps. Each macro-fibre of the resulting hierarchicaladhesive is able to conform to loads applied in different directions. The dual-level structure enhances the peel strengthon smooth surfaces compared to a single-level dry adhesive, but also weakens the shear strength of the adhesive for a given areain contact. The adhesive appears to be very performance sensitive to the specific size of the fibre tips, and experiments indicatethat designing hierarchical structures is not as simple as placing multiple scales of fibres on top of one another, but can requiresignificant design optimization to enhance the contact mechanics and adhesion strength.