摘要：Stem cells are capable of long-term self-renewal and differentiation into specialised cell types, making them an ideal candidate for a cell source for regenerative medicine. The control of stem cell fate has become a major area of interest in the field of regenerative medicine and therapeutic intervention. Conventional methods of chemically inducing stem cells into specific lineages is being challenged by the advances in biomaterial technology, with evidence highlighting that material properties are capable of driving stem cell fate. Materials are being designed to mimic the clues stem cells receive in their in vivo stem cell niche including topographical and chemical instructions. Nanotopographical clues that mimic the extracellular matrix(ECM) in vivo have shown to regulate stem cell differentiation. The delivery of ECM components on biomaterials in the form of short peptides sequences has also proved successful in directing stem cell lineage. Growth factors responsible for controlling stem cell fate in vivo have also been delivered via biomaterials to provide clues to determine stem cell differentiation. An alternative approach to guide stem cells fate is to provide genetic clues including delivering DNA plasmids and small interfering RNAs via scaffolds. This review, aims to provide an overview of the topographical, chemical and molecular clues that biomaterials can provide to guide stem cell fate. The promising features and challenges of such approaches will be highlighted, to provide directions for future advancements in this exciting area of stem cell translation for regenerative medicine.

摘要：近年来,有机太阳能电池非富勒烯受体(NFAs)的研究取得了重大进展,且在叠层器件中实现了超过17%的光电转换效率(PCE).目前,具有线型稠合受体-供体-受体(A-D-A)结构的NFAs因其优异的合成灵活性和高光伏性能而受到了广泛关注.其中,饶丹宁染料是构建这类A-D-A型NFAs的最为常见的吸电子受体单元,且所得单结太阳能电池的PCE已超过10%.尤为重要的是,饶丹宁受体与众所周知的P3HT供体结合时表现出十分优异的相容性,进而获得了7%的PCE.因此,本文总结了饶丹宁非富勒烯受体材料的研究进展,侧重于讨论其分子设计策略,旨在帮助读者更好的理解这类非富勒烯受体的构性关系.

摘要：铋和铜作为无毒且储量相对丰富的金属元素,都非常适合新型无铅卤化物钙钛矿材料及相应光伏器件的设计和制备.本文采用非常简单的气-固反应方法,以铋铜合金作为前驱体直接在ITO基底上室温原位制备了一种新型铜铋碘(CuBiI_4)化合物薄膜材料. XRD和TEM的测试结果证实了这种具有(222)优势晶面取向CuBiI_4晶体薄膜的生成.瞬态表面光电压(TPV)测试表明我们制备的CuBiI_4是一种n型半导体材料,且具有与CH_3NH_3PbI_3钙钛矿材料相当的光生载流子分离与传输性能. UV-Vis, PL和IPCE等结果表明灰黑色CuBiI_4的禁带宽度大约为1.81 eV,适合作为光伏材料.值得注意的是,我们利用四叔丁基吡啶(TBP)、乙腈和Spiro-MeOTAD有机混和溶剂旋涂处理后,得到了一种混合均匀、致密、平滑的CuBiI_4:Spiro-MeOTAD本体异质结薄膜.基于这种新型薄膜,我们制备了具有简单三明治结构的ITO/CuBiI_4:Spiro-MeOTAD/Au杂化太阳能电池器件,并获得了1.119%的光电转化效率.这种室温下金属表面元素直接反应的方法(DMSER)为未来无铅钙钛矿或类钙钛矿化合物(A_aB_bX_x)的制备及其在高性能光伏器件中的应用提供了一个全新的策略.

摘要：在过去的十年中,推拉结构的有机小分子光伏材料由于分子带隙及光伏性能等易于实现有效的调控,在光伏领域中受到了广泛的关注.适宜的桥键联接对于提升有机太阳能电池的光伏性能起到了重要的作用.因此π-桥键在推拉结构的有机小分子设计中扮演着十分重要的角色.本文重点综述了推拉结构有机小分子的不同π-桥键(包括噻吩,烯烃,炔烃,芳烃和杂环及其相应的衍生物)对于材料的光伏性能所产生的重要影响.这些结果表明,深入的研究π-桥键效应对于深刻理解分子结构和材料性能之间的关系以及通过分子的结构优化来提高材料的光伏性能具有十分重要的意义.

摘要：近年来,本体异质结型有机太阳能电池领域中,苝酰亚胺类衍生物作为富勒烯类电荷受体材料的最佳替代材料而得到广泛关注.很多研究表明扭曲构型的分子结构设计可以明显地抑制苝酰亚胺的聚集行为.本研究在苝酰亚胺的四个湾位同时共轭引入萘基官能团,从而合成一种简单结构的苝酰亚胺单分子型电荷受体材料TN-PDI.四个共轭萘基的引入使苝酰亚胺平面骨架扭曲至33°.分别以TN-PDI和一种宽带隙聚合物PDBT-T1为电荷受体材料和给体材料构筑本体异质结型有机太阳能电池,其光电转换效率可达3.0%.研究结果表明,四个湾位同时共轭取代苝酰亚胺是一种制备简单高效苝酰亚胺单分子型电荷受体材料的有效方法.

摘要：染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)因其造价低、稳定性高、工艺简单,备受关注.廉价对电极材料的设计与构筑是亟需解决的关键科学问题之一.本文采用电沉积技术,在FTO玻璃基底上制备了硫化钴纳米片-石墨烯量子点复合结构纳米材料,研究了其直接作为DSSCs对电极材料的催化性能和光电转换效率.结果发现,该材料对I3-的还原表现出较高的催化性能,光电转换效率达7.30%,优于单一的硫化钴(5.55%)和商业化的贵金属铂催化剂(6.94%).本研究为廉价、可取代铂的无粘结剂电极材料的开发提供了一个有效的途径.

摘要：柔性薄膜有机半导体器件由于其轻便、柔性、有机半导体的可重复制备及易于进行功能性调节、以及低成本、大面积溶液加工等特性而受到广泛关注.其中,弯曲半径不超过1 mm的超柔性电子对可折叠/便携设备、可穿戴设备、表皮及植入式电子设备、三维表面贴合型器件以及仿生学等领域的发展至关重要.本综述首先简要介绍了从柔性到超柔性电子的发展史以及超柔性有机器件的设计.接着,聚焦于超柔性的有机场效应管、有机发光二极管、有机太阳能电池以及有机存储器等有机半导体功能器件领域的最新进展进行了总结评述.

摘要：Nowadays Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) as the leading technology in design of microelectronic systems has been raised. With respect to high velocity and density in low power and also simple concepts, this technology is a viable alternative to CMOS technology. In collector design, the primary component of each processor is very important. Due to the small elements in this technology, failure rate in manufacturing process technology is very high. In the other hand, the simulation shows that the intersection point of two wires is one of the critical points in QCA circuits. This means that defects in the manufacturing process around these points can cause malfunction in the circuit performance. In this paper, a collector in cross sections of wire in his new method used higher reliability against defects during manufacturing has been developed. QCA Designer software is used to simulate the case study system.

摘要：目的:探讨K-Cl共转运体1(K-Cl cotransporter 1,KCC 1)mRNA在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及小干扰RNA(smallinterfering RNA,siRNA)干扰其表达对子宫内膜癌HEC-1B细胞增殖能力和细胞周期的影响。方法:应用荧光定量PCR的方法检测正常子宫内膜和子宫内膜癌组织中KCC 1 mRNA的表达。设计并合成KCC 1特异性的siRNA,转染子宫内膜癌HEC-1B细胞后,应用RT-PCR、Western印迹法、MTT法和FCM法分别检测HEC-1B细胞中KCC 1 mRNA和蛋白的表达、细胞增殖、细胞周期和细胞凋亡的变化。结果:子宫内膜癌组织中KCC 1 mRNA的表达较正常子宫内膜组织明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。KCC1特异性siRNA能明显抑制HEC-1B细胞中KCC1 mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0.05),且HEC-1B细胞的增殖能力明显下降(P<0.05);细胞周期分析显示细胞明显阻滞于G0/G1期,与对照组比较,细胞凋亡增加(P<0.05)。结论:KCC1基因与子宫内膜癌有关,参与细胞周期的调节,具有促进细胞增殖的能力。

摘要：随着多种新型纳米载体的出现,药物递送已实现复杂的功能性递送形式。通常认为,理想的功能性纳米载体应具有以下特征:高水平的药物携带能力、抵抗免疫或排泄系统消除的体内长循环能力、与靶细胞或靶器官的高度特异性结合能力、控制药物释放或细胞内转运途径的能力以及低免疫原性和毒性等。