摘要：As the focus on academic achievement has increased,physical activity(PA) opportunities in schools have decreased in the United *** an attempt to discover how the decline in PA may affect academic achievement,researchers have been studying the effects of PA on cognition and academic achievement in children for more than 50 *** review takes a historical perspective on the science of PA and academic achievement prior to and during the past 5 years.A total of 125 published articles were included and ***-three of these articles were published in the past 5 *** recent years,the overall quality of the studies has increased,but the results continue to be *** use cross-sectional designs and the methods vary *** majority of conclusions show a positive effect of PA on constructs related to academic *** studies should use strong study designs to examine the types and doses of PA needed to produce improvements in academic achievement.

摘要：Balance is an essential component of movement and is critical in the ability to participate in physical activity. Developing an exergaming curriculum for schools has the potential to improve balance or postural stability in children. In this study, a purposely-built exergaming center in an elementary school was used to test fourth grade students with a specially designed exergaming curriculum oriented toward improving postural stability. The program was implemented over a 6-week period, 34 min per day, 4-5 days per week. Two control groups were used： （1） a physical education （PE） class geared toward agility, balance, and coordination （ABC） improvement, and （2） a typical PE curriculum class. Exergaming students improved their postural stability significantly over a 6-week period compared to those in the typical PE class. Improvements in postural stability were also evident in the ABC class. Postural stability in the girls was better than the boys in all pre- and post-intervention tests. This study demonstrates that exergaming is a practical resource in the PE class to improve postural stability.

摘要：The world of Ingmar Bergman is notoriously dark. He exposes us repeatedly to the isolation of human subjectivity and to our desperate attempts to break free of it. To be human for Bergman is to be imperiled, to move in an atmosphere of relentless anxiety, and to be driven by passions whose source and power we can neither master nor understand. Is there a period of innocence, a time before we are caught in the coils of the human condition？ The author will argue that Bergman＇s treatment of children demonstrates that in his world birth is the fall from grace.

摘要：This study presents a comparison between three different fonts in order to know the possible influence they may have when used in educational materials for children with readers difficulties resulting from dyslexia. Two of the three selected fonts （Arial and MeMimas） are frequently used in textbooks in Spain. The third type of letter （Dixy） was specially developed for typographic research purposes, following graphic features that according to literature and previous studies on reading patterns favor the dyslexic, and could improve reading skills in these individuals. To examine the quality of reading （speed and accuracy） between fonts, a small--but significant--sample was used. Ten children in Madrid, from eight to 10 years old were examined while reading words and pseudowords with three different fonts （Arial, MeMimas, and Dixy）. The result of the study shows the influence of the shapes of the letters in the legibility of texts with familiar and unfamiliar words （pseudowords） in children with dyslexia. The study showed that using the font Dixy, despite not being known by the children, reading is more accurate than using fonts known to them, such as Arial and MeMimas. As to the reading speed, the results indicate that, although the Dixy is a font never seen before by the children, reading speed is similar to a known font for them, as is the Arial, and greater than a hand writing font such as MeMimas.

摘要：In this literature review on TPE （third-person effects） and the behavioral consequences on children, the research questions posed are how the body of knowledge has evolved since the first empirical evidence of TPE among children and what knowledge gaps that remain. The traceable developments are two： （1） Compared to the vast amount of articles on TPE in general, the 5 9 identified on the topic of children are few and two thirds actually focus on adolescents/young adults rather than children. The reason put forward for studying younger children is the urge to prevent risky behavior through media literacy programs or pro-social advertisements; and （2） The studies have not primarily addressed results to support occurrence of TPE among children. Rather they support parental TPE or among the adolescents that TPE and reverse TPE occur due to certain kind of media content. The discussion on knowledge gaps that remain follow three themes： （1） Differentiations between self and others are in psychological studies implied to occur among children between the ages of 3-4 years old, yet no study address how children develop TPE; （2） There is a tendency to follow the more general development within TPE research with the renewed interest in behavioral consequences. But the primary behavioral consequence studied in TPE in general and within studies of TPE and children is support for censorship. Few studies address ＂real＂ behavioral consequences like parental mediation; and （3） There is also a need for more theoretically coherent research on the importance of social distance.

摘要：Many children show a lot of interest in playing with sand.I will discuss about the features that sand play as a loose part in children s imaginative *** online video observation,six features were *** factors can be implemented into real design projects for *** some relevant questions such as gender and age about sand play will be discussed.

摘要：Background: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance encountered in the management of diarrheal children. Common ramifications include cerebral edema and fatal outcomes. However, pediatric data remain lacking, particularly in developmental contexts where resources are limited and associated conditions like malnutrition and pneumonia are common. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate predicting factors associated with hyponatremia in children under five years of age with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Bangladesh. Methods: Using a nested case-control design, we compared clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with (n = 61) and without hyponatremia (n = 183) taken from a parent population of all children under five with SAM and clinical or radiological pneumonia admitted to Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b between April 2011 and June 2012 (n = 407). Results: Logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders such as lack of breast feeding, duration of vomiting (days), and severe wasting revealed that older age (OR 1.05, 95%CI 1.02 - 1.07, p = 0.001) (5% increase in the relative odds of hyponatremia for each additional month of age), presence of diarrhea (OR 2.43, 95%CI 1.0 - 6.0, p = 0.05), and difficulty breathing (OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.0 - 2.05, p = 0.05) were significantly associated with hyponatremia. Conclusion: Our data suggest that older age, presence of diarrhea, and difficulty breathing in under-five children with SAM is independent predictors of hyponatremia. These findings underscore the importance of detecting simple clinical predictors early in order to facilitate appropriate management and to prevent potential ramifications of hyponatremia in SAM children, especially in resource-poor settings.

摘要：From a psychological point of view,children’s feelings and perception,memory and attention,mood and emotion,need and motivation,independence and self-confidence,cooperation and empathy,thinking and information processing,and so on,are very important elements in *** the process of children’s personality formation,In addition to genetic factors,the interaction between the outside world and children’s subjects is particularly important,and music education is a very important means and way to promote the development of children’s *** the form of a summary,through literature review and current situation analysis,this paper puts forward academic views on the related research on music education promoting children’s personality development.

摘要：With the development of Affective Neuroscience, people are increasingly concerned about the relationship between emotion and cognition. Language, as a means of communicating and studying in human society, is one of the vital cognitive activities of human beings. Therefore, the relationship between emotion and language processing is valued by researchers all over the world. According to the Interaction Theory, this paper uses observational method to observe the listeners’ reactions to Ivanka’s speech, including the applause, the yell, face expression, and action, to study the influence of emotion on language processing and language learning so as to study children language teaching methods which can motivate students’ interests in learning and improve their language learning efficiency by applying the methods of public speech to the academic speech. The study about Ivanka’s speech is mainly from two aspects:(1) the influence of emotional information in language on language learning, including emotional words, sentences, and speeches;(2) the influence of external emotional background on language learning, including the emotional intonation, speech rhythm, and context. What’s more, the author spends one year in studying the effect of applying the public speech methods on children language learning. The author finds that applying the speech methods of public speech to academic speech has vital influence on motivating children’s learning interests and improving their learning efficiency.

摘要：The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of parent involvement and intervention in early childhood education. What formulates the lock and key theory in early childhood programs is parental participation versus educational achievement. Upon the parents＇ vital involvement, it is perceived that social and cognitive development, aided by educators, will be significantly achieved. Furthermore, parent＇s early intervention is an added value to classrooms and schools, for it creates a dimension of involvement in the decisions which shape the children＇s education as a whole. Moreover, and due to parent/teacher cooperation in the classroom and at home, the child＇s interest in learning will be triggered, yielding other positive outcomes. Therefore, people must emphasize the parent＇s role in order to aid children＇s complex and evolving multi-cultural and global nature.