摘要：通过对BREEAM communities可持续社区评价体系的研究,分析BREEAM communities的制定单位、制定目的、制定背景、评价指标体系构架、指标项内容、评价方法和评价实例等,借鉴其先进经验和成果,以期对我国的生态社区建设和发展有所裨益。

摘要：绿色社区评价体系是衡量社区居住环境性能并指导其规划建设及运营管理的工具。通过对美国LEED-ND评价体系、英国BREEAM communities可持续社区评价体系及《中国绿色低碳住区技术评估手册》进行比较研究,分析和探讨各个绿色社区评价体系的制订单位、制定目的、制定背景、评价指标体系构架、指标项内容、评价方法等,以期借鉴其经验和成果,对今后我国的绿色社区评价指标体系研究提出相应的优化策略。

摘要：With some modern communities in Suzhou as the example,this paper mainly expounded the application of the artistic techniques of landscapes in the planning of modern landscape-type eco-residential communities according to the classical livable and ecological theory in Yuan Ye(an ancient book of garden design in China).It was learnt that there were many inner links between the livable and ecological theory of classical Chinese gardens and the planning of modern eco-residential *** community is a new-type inhabitation model which represents the future development direction of dwelling construction in China and the main type of ecological *** Suzhou-style gardens are the representation of gardens in southern Yangtze River as well as the classical livable environment in *** of the above two residential models emphasize the harmonious unification between human and nature as well as the sustainable development,and lay their cores on the livability and the harmony with the nature.

摘要：This paper investigates modalities required to design and implement community monitoring of forest carbon stock changes and safeguards implementation in Kenya. General principles and elements were drawn from the UNFCCC REDD+ policy frameworks for developing modalities and procedures for designing community forest monitoring system. The paper utilised policy analysis approach used to derive monitoring goals and objectives by assessing the compatibility of Kenya’s policy and legislative framework with monitoring elements provided in the UNFCCC REDD+ policy mechanism. The elements included monitoring goals, objectives, questions, indicators, and methods and tools. Two goals were identified which included, reduction of forest carbon emissions (ER) and monitoring of multiple social and environmental safeguards (SG). Five ER related objectives were identified to include: forest reference emission levels or forest reference levels, drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, Land use activities, eligible ER actions and estimation of forest emissions. Six objectives guiding SG were identified to include: policy, governance, human rights, socio-economic, biodiversity and environmental concerns. Corresponding questions to the goals and objectives were systematically designed. In turns, indicators, depicting quantitative and qualitative measurements, which best provided answers to questions were identified. The various methods and tools used by communities around the world in providing data and information required to satisfy the indictors were identified through literature review. The review identified four methods and tools that included: Remote Sensing and GIS, GPS survey, smartphone survey and Ground trothing. Smartphone and cloud-based server technology were found to be the recent emergent tools in aiding community monitoring of REDD+ projects. The paper argues that local communities and indigenous peoples have the capability and capacity to monitor and undertake for