摘要：Introduction Despite the numerous breakthroughs made in medical and biomedical technologies,biosensing underneath the skin without any associated pain still sounds like a dream yet to be *** invasive biosensors refer to functional or electronic sensors that can contact the interior environment of living organisms and their biological tissues,while the connected bulk devices remain on the surface of the biological objects[1].Minimally invasive biosensors are currently a key research area because they can not only meet the increasing technical demands to precisely detect biological activities inside biological objects,but also provide an ideal platform to externally incorporate complicated functionalities and electronic integration[2].The current development level of minimally invasive sensing still necessitates solving the constraints and bottlenecks in the three aspects of functionalities,sensitivity and biocompatibility[3].In this perspective,we select minimally invasive sensors as a representative research object with the aim to solve the limitations of current diabetes diagnosis and treatment approaches.

摘要：Purpose Skin pigmentation disorders,such as vitiligo and melasma,are difficult to diagnose in the early stages,but abnor-mal tyrosinase levels and tyrosinase activity are potential *** resorufin-based fluorescence probes(RBFPs)have been designed to detect tyrosinase in tumors,but they have not been used in skin pigmentation *** this study,one of these RBFPs(synthesized by resorufin salt coupled with 3-(bromomethyl)phenol)was evaluated *** The RBFP was tested in different kinds of mouse and human skin cells,as well as in in vivo models,including zebrafish,guinea pigs,and Sprague-Dawley *** addition,small interfering RNAs(siRNAs),kojic acid,and 1-phenyl-2-thiourea(PTU)were used to inhibit tyrosinase levels or tyrosinase *** This probe successfully detected tyrosinase and emitted red fluorescence in melanoma cells and *** was also observable in zebrafish and on the skin of guinea pigs when using the *** mouse and human cells,the RBFP showed good selectivity to ***,in the case of decreased tyrosinase levels or activity caused by siRNAs,kojic acid,or PTU,the probe was sensitive to these ***,the RBFP showed no toxic effects at concentrations of<20μmol/L,both in vitro and in *** Our findings indicate the value and limitations of the RBFP in tyrosinase detection,but suggest the need for further improvement of fluorescent probes in the diagnosis of skin pigmentation disorders.

摘要：Background: Diagnostic microbial isolates of bio-safety levels 3 and 4 are difficult to handle in medical field camps under military deployment settings. International transport of such isolates is challenging due to restrictions by the International Air Transport Association. An alternative option might be inactivation and sequencing of the pathogen at the deployment site with subsequent sequence-based revitalization in well-equipped laboratories in the home country for further scientific assessment. Methods: A literature review was written based on a Pub Med search. Results: First described for poliovirus in 2002, de novo synthesis of pathogens based on their sequence information has become a well-established procedure in science. Successful syntheses have been demonstrated for both viruses and prokaryotes. However, the technology is not yet available for routine diagnostic purposes. Conclusions: Due to the potential utility of diagnostic sequencing and sequence-based de novo synthesis of pathogens, it seems worthwhile to establish the technology for diagnostic purposes over the intermediate term. This is particularly true for resource-restricted deployment settings, where safe handling of harmful pathogens cannot always be guaranteed.

摘要：The article is to study the development of computer-aided design of X-ray microtomography—the device for investigating the structure and construction of three-dimensional images of organic and inorganic objects on the basis of shadow projections. This article provides basic information regarding CAD of X-ray microtomography and a scheme consisting of three levels. The article also shows basic relations of X-ray computed tomography, the generalized scheme of an X-ray microtomographic scanner. The methods of X-ray imaging of the spatial microstructure and morphometry of materials are described. The main characteristics of an X-ray microtomographic scanner, the X-ray source, X-ray optical elements and mechanical components of the positioning system are shown. The block scheme and software functional scheme for intelligent neural network system of analysis of the internal microstructure of objects are presented. The method of choice of design parameters of CAD of X-ray microtomography aims at improving the quality of design and reducing costs of it. It is supposed to reduce the design time and eliminate the growing number of engineers involved in development and construction of X-ray microtomographic scanners.

摘要：Ayurvedic and other alternative medical practi-tioners throughout the world have been using pulse diagnosis to detect disease and the organ at distress by feeling the palpations at three close yet precise positions of the radial artery. This paper presents a robust electro-mechanical system, ‘Nadi Yantra’ which uses piezoelectric based pressure sensors to capture the signals from the radial artery. Morphology of the waveforms obtained from our system concurs with standard physiological arterial signals. Reproducibility and stability of the system has been verified. Signal processing techniques were applied to obtain features such as amplitude, power spectral density, bandpower and spectral centroid to reflect variations in signals from the three channels. Further, wavelet based techniques were used to process the pressure signals and percussion peaks were identified. The interval between the percussion peaks was used to calculate Heart Rate Varibility (HRV), a useful tool for assessing the status of the autonomic nervous system of the human body non-invasively. Time domain indices were calculated from direct measurement of peak-peak (PP) intervals and from differences between the PP intervals. Frequency domain indices such as very low frequency (VLF) power, low frequency (LF) power, high frequency (HF) power, LF/HF ratio were also calculated. Thereafter, nonlinear Poincare analysis was carried out. A map of consecutive PP intervals was fitted to an ellipse using least squares method. Results from 7 datasets are depicted in this paper. A novel pressure pulse recording instrument is deve loped for the objective assessment of the ancient sci-ence of pulse diagnosis. The features calculated using multi resolution wavelet analysis show potential in the evaluation of the autonomic nervous system of the human body.

摘要：温升变化是反映电气设备工况的重要指标,对电气设备进行温升监测有助于及时发现并排除故障隐患,是智能电网建设的重要任务之一。文章设计了基于遮光式光强度调制的光纤温度传感器,提出了传感器双金属片结构,规划了高压开关柜中传感器安装铺设方案和系统测温光路,进行了传感器的精度分析和故障诊断的专家系统设计。为温升检测提供了一种新的方法。

摘要：高原红细胞增多症(HAPC)是由高原低氧引起的红细胞增多、血液粘稠的常见高原性疾病,属于藏医"血隆病"之"坏血增多"范畴。目前西医尚缺乏理想治疗方法和药物,藏医药治疗HAPC具有独特的临床优势,尤其对其诊治早有详尽的记载。本文从藏医治疗HAPC的病因病机、临床症状、诊断标准、治疗方案、预防措施、常见并发症及其对治法等方面,对藏医诊治特色进行概述。针对目前藏医药治疗HAPC临床有效性规范化不足、发病机理、藏药复方的药效物质基础与作用机制不清楚等问题,提出需在继承藏医药理论基础上,以临床疗效为根本,将藏医药原创思维与现代科技结合,加强藏医药治疗HAPC古籍文献整理与用药经验数据挖掘,规范临床治疗标准和用药方案,进一步研究藏医复方药物和联合用药治疗HAPC的科学内涵。

摘要：药物性肝损伤(DILI)因果关系评估量表的优化改进一直是临床上关注的一个热点问题。新近Hayashi等[1]在Hepatology发表了《用于DILI诊断的改良电子版RUCAM量表(A revised electronic version of RUCAM for the diagnosis of DILI)》一文,并将这种新的量表正式命名为“改良电子化因果关系评估量表(revised electronic causality assessment method,RECAM)”,我们已在本刊第7期对其进行了介绍。RECAM发布后,RUCAM量表的主要设计者Danan和Teschke致信Hepatology编辑部,认为RECAM的设计理念和依据存在多方面的明显缺陷。我们欢迎这样的学术争鸣,这将有助于DILI临床诊断量表的进一步合理化改进和完善,提高临床对DILI诊断量表的认知度和利用度,推动DILI诊断的规范化、标准化、同质化,提高不同研究之间的可比性。现将该信全文翻译刊载如下。