摘要：高中英语课程的总目标是使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上,进一步明确英语学习的目的,发展自主学习和合作学习的能力;形成有效的英语学习策略;培养学生的综合语言运用能力。根据高中课程应强调在进一步发展学生综合语言运用能力的基础上,着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息。

摘要：How to design clinical trials for medical devices is a problem plaguing the industry today. As there are many differences in clinical trials of medical devices and drugs. This paper describes the differences of the two points from the perspectivs of definition of medical devices and drugs, scope, phasing, subjects and design of clinical trials in details, aiming to help the related personnel make scientific decisions while conducting clinical trial design for medical devices.

摘要：Dilemmas of current drug screening Recently,multiple technological advancements have been involved in the process of drug research and *** addition,the spending on the relevant projects has doubled in the last 20 years,cumulatively increasing 28%from 2014 to ***,these improvements have not led directly to an obvious increase in feasible drug candidates that successfully passed the clinical *** to the increased spending and stagnant clinical success rate of 10–20%,the efficiency of this project drastically decreased from around 40 drugs per billion in 1950 to 0.6 drugs in 2012.

摘要：Drug innovation is not only reflected in the discovery of new chemotypes of active compounds against existing targets but also more dependent on the innovation of drug targets. Currently, a number of attractive and validated targets could not be targeted pharmacologically. Some have been described as "un druggable''.In this review, we summarized the curre nt situatio n of "undruggable" targets, and the desig n strategies for "un druggable" targets, hoping to provide references for the development of innovative drugs.

摘要：In the era of burgeoning breakthroughs around medical and biomedical technologies,personalizing our medicine still sounds like a dream yet to be *** cancer as an example,while the pool of anti-cancer therapeutic agents is tremendously large,pinpointing a drug or a combination of drugs that would always work out well for a given patient,remains quite impossible—in fact,we are not even close to this ideal *** an incapability,of course,originates primarily from the overly complex,volumetrically structured and dynamic microenvironments in a patient’s tumor,meaning that the same tumor as seen on Day 1 might be entirely different than when seen again a month later.

摘要：Type IV collagenase plays a pivotal role in invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of tumor. Single domain antibodies are attractive as tumor-targeting vehicle because of their much smaller size com-pared with antibody molecules produced by conventional methods. Lidamycin (LDM) is a potent enediyne-containing antitumor antibiotic. In this study an engineered and energized fusion protein VL-LDP-AE composed of lidamycin and VL domain of mAb 3G11 directed against type IV collagenase was prepared using a novel two-step method. First a VL-LDP fusion protein was constructed by DNA recombination. Secondly VL-LDP-AE was obtained by molecular reconstitution. In MTT assay, VL-LDP-AE showed potent cytotoxicity to HT-1080 cells and KB cells with IC50 values of 8.55×10-12 and 1.70×10-11 mol/L, respectively. VL-LDP-AE showed antiangiogenic activity in chick chrorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and tube formation assay. In in vivo experiments, VL-LDP-AE was proved to be more effective than free LDM against the growth of subcutaneously transplanted hepatoma 22 in mice. drugs were given intravenously on day 3 and 10 after tumor transplantation. Compared in terms of maximal tolerated doses, VL-LDP-AE at 0.25 mg/kg suppressed the tumor growth by 89.5%, LDM at 0.05 mg/kg by 69.9%, and mitomycin at 1 mg/kg by 35%. Having a molecular weight of 25.2 kDa, VL-LDP-AE was much smaller than other reported antibody-based drugs. The results suggested that VL-LDP-AE would be a promising candidate for tumor targeting therapy. And the 2-step approach could serve as a new technology platform for making a series of highly potent engineered antibody-based drugs for a variety of cancers.

摘要：Viral diseases have contributed significantly to worldwide morbidity and mortality throughout *** the existence of therapeutic treatments for many viral infections,antiviral resistance and the threat posed by novel viruses highlight the need for an increased number of effective *** addition to small molecule drugs and biologics,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)represent an emerging class of potential antiviral *** AMPs have traditionally been regarded in the context of their antibacterial activities,many AMPs are now known to be *** antiviral peptides(AVPs)have been shown to target and perturb viral membrane envelopes and inhibit various stages of the viral life cycle,from preattachment inhibition through viral release from infected host *** design of AMPs has also proven effective in identifying highly active and specific peptides and can aid in the discovery of lead peptides with high therapeutic *** this review,we highlight AVPs with strong antiviral activity largely curated from a publicly available AMP *** then compile the sequences present in our AVP database to generate structural predictions of generic AVP ***,we cover the rational design approaches available for AVPs taking into account approaches currently used for the rational design of AMPs.

摘要：Opioid crisis continues to gain ground in the United States with little regards to color or economic *** than 800 people die weekly from opioid-related overdosestotally well over 42,000 deaths in 2016,and the number is ***,the opioid overdose deaths involved an estimated 40%prescription opioid *** reported by the National Drug Institute(2017),opioid addiction is often described as an“equal opportunity”problem that can afflict people from all races and walks of *** the crack crises of the past,the present opioid epidemic has extremely impacted White Americans not only the rural and poor,but also suburban and middle class or ***,current opioid overdoses deaths have increased for Whites,Blacks,and Hispanics,they have increased to a far greater degree for White *** to battle the increasing opioid epidemic have moved from incarceration to using legislation to limit the prescriptions being *** and federal laws are being enacted to placing limitations on opioid prescriptions.

摘要：Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is an interdisciplinary subject, playing a pivotal role during new drug research and development, especially the discovery and optimization of lead compounds. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) modernization is the only way of TCM development and also an effective approach to the development of new drugs and the discovery of potential drug targets (PDTs). Discovery and validation of PTDs has become the “bottle-neck” restricted new drug research and development and is urgently solved. Innovative drug research is of great significance and bright prospects. This paper mainly discusses the “druggability” and specificity of PTDs, the “druglikeness” of drug candidates, the methods and technologies of the discovery and validation of PTDs and their application. It is very important to achieve the invention and innovation strategy “from gene to drug”. In virtue of modern high-new technology, especially CADD, combined with TCM theory, research and develop TCM and initiate an innovating way fitting our country progress. This paper mainly discusses CADD and their application to drug research, especially TCM modernization.

摘要：Objectives: Amiodarone administration is presently considered in the prevention of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (PAF) after cardiac operations, but relapse of PAF requiring anticoagulation therapy at hospital discharge is prevalent despite amiodarone prophylaxis. PAF is also associated with increased morbidity and mortality including complications resulting from long-term anticoagulation therapy. Currently, the most effective therapy to prevent PAF after cardiac surgery remains undetermined. Inflammatory mechanisms may be partly responsible for PAF. Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, has specifically an atrial myocytes anti-apoptotic effect, decreases right atrial tissue inflammation and oxidative stress activity. These observations led to this trial’s hypothesis that the addition of minocycline to amiodarone may favorably affect suppression of PAF. Methods: This trial compares the efficacy and safety of minocycline plus amiodarone versus amiodarone alone, in the prevention of PAF among adult patients undergoing cardiac procedures. All patients receive Beta-blocker agent. The primary outcome is PAF occurrence. Secondary outcomes include thromboembolic stroke, need for pharmacologic or electric cardioversion, mediastinal exploration for sepsis or for anticoagulation-related bleeding, serious drug side effects, length of hospital stay and 30-day mortality from cardiovascular causes. Results: This is an ongoing prospective single center randomized controlled clinical trial. Conclusion: The trial provides information on the comparative effectiveness of this low-risk prevention therapy of PAF that could be integrated in clinical practice. (*** number, NCT 01422148).