摘要：Most routing protocols for sensor networks try to extend network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption, but have not taken the network reliability into account. An energy-aware, load-balancing and fault-tolerant routing scheme, termed as ELFR was propsed to adapt to the harsh environment. First a network robustness model was presented. Based on this model, the route discovery phase was designed to make the sensors to construct into a hop-leveled network which is mesh structure. A cross-layer design was adopted to measure the transmission delay so as to detect the failed nodes. The routing scheme works with acknowledge (ACK) feedback mechanism to transfer control messages to avoid producing extra control overhead messages. When nodes fail, the new healthy paths will be selected locally without rerouting. Simulation results show that our scheme is much robust, and it achieves better energy efficiency, load balancing and maintains good end-to-end delay.

摘要：Compared with the flat architecture in the design of sensor networks, the hierarchical architecture gains much attractive for the reason of scalability, management and energy efficiency. In order to distribute the energy evenly, nodes act the cluster head in some orders. The existing approaches don’t pay a critical attention to the overhead during the role rotations. And the duration of a round is a priori, which is very application-specific. An energy-aware hierarchical architecture design scheme is put forward in this paper, namely, Adaptive Minimum Rotational Cost (AMRC) cluster formation scheme. The decision of beginning a new round is made adaptively by the cluster head itself. It combines the dynamic and static advantages in the clustering architecture. The simulation results demonstrate AMRC outperforms some other clustering protocols in many aspects.