摘要：Transdermal drug delivery systems have overcome many limitations of other drug administration routes,such as injection pain and first-pass metabolism following oral route,although transdermal drug delivery systems are limited to drugs with low molecular ***,new emerging technology allowing high molecular weight drug delivery across the skin—known as‘microneedles’—has been developed,which creates microchannels that facilitate drug *** this report,drug-loaded degradable conic microneedles are modeled to characterize the degradation rate and drug release *** a lot of data are available for polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)degradation in the literature,PLGA of various molecular weights-as a biodegradable polymer in the polyester family-is used for modeling and verification of the drug delivery in *** main reaction occurring during polyester degradation is hydrolysis of steric bonds,leading to molecular weight *** acid produced in the degradation has a catalytic effect on the *** in water,acid and steric bond concentrations over time and for different radii of microneedles are *** solve the partial and ordinary differential equations simultaneously,finite difference and Runge–Kutta methods are employed,respectively,with the aid of *** of the polymer degradation rate with its molecular weight and molecular weight changes versus time are ***,drug diffusivity is related to matrix molecular *** molecular weight reduction and accumulative drug release within the system are *** order to validate and assess the proposed model,data series of the hydrolytic degradation of aspirin(180.16 Da)-and albumin(66,000 Da)-loaded PLGA(1:1 molar ratio)are used for *** proposed model is in good agreement with experimental data from the *** diffusion as themain phenomena and autocatalytic effects in the reaction,the drug release profile i

摘要：Rahim and Banerjee [1] developed a general model for the optimal design of x-control charts. The model minimizes the expected cost per unit time. The heart of the model is a theorem that derives the expected total cost and the expected cycle length. In this paper an alternative simple proof for the theorem is provided based on mathematical induction.

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摘要：In a hard chromium electroplating process, a heat exchanger is employed to remove the heat produced from the high current intensity in an electroplating ***, a conventional U shape heat exchanger is installed in the bath, but it provides low heat ***, this study designs a novel W serpentine shape heat exchanger with identical heat transfer area to the conventional one for increasing heat removal *** performance of the heat exchange is tested with various flow velocities in a cross-section in range of 1.6 to 2.4 m·s^(-1).mathematical models of this process have been formulated in order to simulate and evaluate the heat exchanger *** results show that the developed models give a good prediction of the plating solution and cooling water temperature, and the novel heat exchanger provides better results at any flow *** addition, the W serpentine shape heat exchanger has been implemented in a real hard chromium electroplating *** data collected have shown that the new design gives higher heat removal performance compared with the U shape heat exchanger with identical heat transfer area; it removes more heat out of the process than the conventional one of about 23%.

摘要：The pulsed-spray fluid-bed granulation (PSFBG) process was investigated and optimized using definitive scree ning design, a recently proposed new class of three-level desig n of experiment method. Such a design enabled quadratic models to be established that described the effect of six in put process parameters - inlet air temperature, inlet air humidity, binder spray rate, atomization pressure, pulse period, and pulse width - on the granule quality in a PSFBG process. mathematical models of the mean particle size, relative size distribution width, production yield, and porosity were developed to quantify the relationships between the in flue ncing factors and critical quality attributes. On the basis of con strai nts on the desired granule properties, a design space for PSFBG was determined and ranges of the operating parameters were defined. An acceptable degree of prediction was confirmed by validation experiments, demonstrating the reliability and effectiveness of using definitive screening design to study the PSFBG process. This method can accelerate screening and optimization of this process within a large multidimensional design space.

摘要：This paper discusses design and comparison of Simulated Annealing Algorithm and Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) to minimize the makespan in scheduling n single operation independent jobs on m unrelated parallel machines. This problem of minimizing the makespan in single machine scheduling problem with uniform parallel machines is NP hard. Hence, heuristic development for such problem is highly inevitable. In this paper, two different Meta-heuristics to minimize the makespan of the assumed problem are designed and they are compared in terms of their solutions. In the first phase, the simulated annealing algorithm is presented and then GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search procedure) is presented to minimize the makespan in the single machine scheduling problem with unrelated parallel machines. It is found that the simulated annealing algorithm performs better than GRASP.

摘要：This paper considers the pipeline network design problem (PND) in ethanol transportation, with a view to providing robust and efficient computational tools to assist decision makers in evaluating the technical and economic feasibility of ethanol pipeline network designs. Such tools must be able to address major design decisions and technical characteristics, and estimate network construction and operation costs to any time horizon. The specific context in which the study was conducted was the ethanol industry in Sao Paulo. Five instances were constructed using pseudo-real data to test the methodologies developed.

摘要：This paper presents an optimal vehicle and seat suspension design for a half-car vehicle model to reduce human-body vibration (whole-body vibration). A genetic algorithm is applied to search for the optimal parameters of the seat and vehicle suspension. The desired objective is proposed as the minimization of a multi-objective function formed by the combination of seat suspension working space (seat suspension deflection), head acceleration, and seat mass acceleration to achieve the best comfort of the driver. With the aid of Matlab/Simulink software, a simulation model is achieved. In solving this problem, the genetic algorithms have consistently found near-optimal solutions within specified parameters ranges for several independent runs. For validation, the solution obtained by GA was compared to the ones of the passive suspensions through sinusoidal excitation of the seat suspension system for the currently used suspension systems.

摘要：This paper discusses a special class of mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints. At first, by using a generalized complementarity function, the discussed problem is transformed into a family of general nonlinear optimization problems containing additional variable μ. Furthermore, combining the idea of penalty function, an auxiliary problem with inequality constraints is presented. And then, by providing explicit searching direction, we establish a new conjugate projection gradient method for optimization with nonlinear complementarity constraints. Under some suitable conditions, the proposed method is proved to possess global and superlinear convergence rate.

摘要：This study aimed to design a new ecological model to be used in ecological land evaluation studies, using careful planning and sustainable resource in the region to develop a sustainable and comprehensive guide. The results show that the study area has grade 1 and 2 urban sustainable planning. Capability Grade 1 has area 149,724.25 hectares equal 22.2% that is stretched from East to West Range. Capability Grade2 has area about 18533.28 hectares equal 2.7% that located in the South, East and South-East. The results show that the greater extent of this range is the unsustainable site, which extends over 506,664.81 hectares, equivalent to 75.1% that areas compliance by the Environmental Protection area. Another important result of this study is unsuitable area for urban development and the range of services already seating workshops and industrial units. This is due to the arrival of adverse environmental effects. Therefore, this study has been focusing on reform of the status of land of use and the optimal use of the ecological potential.