摘要：On the basis of single factor tests, the effect of trace elements—Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions—on biological methane production from heavy oil was investigated by the response surface method. A three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to study the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable by applying initial Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ concentration as the independent variables(factors) and using the methane production after 270 days of cultivation as the dependent variable(response). A prediction model of quadramatic polynomial regression equation was obtained. The results showed that the methane production could be as high as 240.69 μmol after optimization compared with 235.74 μmol obtained under un-optimized condition. Furthermore, the microbial communities before and after biodegradation were analyzed by PCR-DGGE method. The dominant bands were recovered and sequenced. Three strains were obtained; the strain T1 has 97% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans, the strain H3 has 97% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans and the strain H4 has 99% similarity with Bacillus vietnamensis.

摘要：This article briefly reviewed the advances in the process of the direct oxidation of methane to methanol （DMTM） with both heterogeneous and homogeneous oxidation. Attention was paid to the conversion of methane by the heterogeneous oxidation process with various transition metal ox‐ides. The most widely studied catalysts are based on molybdenum and iron. For the homogeneous gas phase oxidation, several process control parameters were discussed. Reactor design has the most crucial role in determining its commercialization. Compared to the above two systems, aque‐ous homogenous oxidation is an efficient route to get a higher yield of methanol. However, the cor‐rosive medium in this method and its serious environmental pollution hinder its widespread use. The key challenge to the industrial application is to find a green medium and highly efficient cata‐lysts.

摘要：The experimental research on cavity flow field plays an important part in the structural design and optimization study of trapped vortex combustor (TVC). Many of the previous flow field experiments were conducted in the cold condition instead of during combustion. This paper adopting PIV system and Lambda-2 vortex criterion in-vestigates the influence of various factors, such as equivalent ratio in the cavity, air intake parameter in the cavity, mainstream air intake parameter and mainstream holder structure, on cavity flow field for a TVC using methane as the fuel. The experimental research showed that cold-condition flow field differed from the combustion flow field, in terms of either vortex core position or vortex structure. Mainstream air intake velocity and cavity air intake velocity affected the flow field structure. U-type and V-type mainstream holders had significant influence on cavity flow field.

摘要：Gas hydrates are ice-like combinations of methane and *** global inventory of gas hydrates appears to be very *** estimates of the total amount of methane contained in the world’s gas hydrates range

摘要：This review summarizes a variety of experimentally identified gas‐phase catalytic cycles,all of which are mediated by atomic metal ions,bare metal clusters,metal oxide clusters or metal *** is placed on the latest advances in the unique catalytic reactivity of cluster‐confined single noble metal *** cycles discussed in this paper cover a wide range of inorganic and organic *** use of start‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometric instrumentation in conjunction with quantum chemistry calculations is also reported,as these techniques have determined the mechanistic details of the elementary steps of such catalytic *** important role of gas‐phase data in guiding the rational design of better‐performing catalysts in related condensed phase reactions is also *** particular,this review focuses on the following three topics:(1)the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide,(2)the catalytic functionalization of methane,and(3)catalytic decarboxylation.

摘要：With the aim of reducing the cost of developing internal combustion engines,while at the same time investigating different geometries,layouts and fuels,3D-CFD-CHT simulations represent an indispensable part for the development of new *** tools are increasingly used by manufacturers,as a screening process before building the first *** paper presents an innovative methodology for virtual engine *** 3D-CFD tool QuickSim,developed at FKFS,allows both a significant reduction in computation time and an extension of the simulated domain for complete engine *** is possible thanks to a combination of coarse meshes and self-developed internal combustion engine models,which simultaneously ensure high *** present work demonstrates the capabilities of this innovative methodology for the design and optimization of different engines and fuels with the goal of achieving the highest possible combustion efficiencies and pollutant *** analysis focuses on the influence of different fuels such as hydrogen,methanol,synthetic gasolines and methane on different engine geometries,in combination with suitable injection and ignition systems,including passive and active *** operations as well as knock reduction are discussed,particularly for methane and hydrogen ***,it is shown how depending on the chosen fuel,an appropriate ad-hoc engine layout can be designed to increase the indicated efficiency of the respective engines.

摘要：The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) towards hydrocarbons is a promising technology that can utilize CO_(2) and prevent its atmospheric accumulation while simultaneously storing renewable en‐***,current CO_(2) electrolyzers remain impractical on a large scale due to the low current densities and faradaic efficiencies(FE)on various *** this study,hybrid HKUST‐1 metal‐organic framework‒fluorinated imidazolium‐based room temperature ionic liquid(RTIL)electrocatalysts are designed to selectively reduce CO_(2) to CH_(4).An impressive FE of 65.5%towards CH_(4) at-1.13 V is achieved for the HKUST‐1/[BMIM][PF_(6)]hybrid,with a stable FE greater than 50%maintained for at least 9 h in an H‐*** observed improvements are attributed to the increased local CO_(2) concentration and the improved CO_(2)‐to‐CH_(4) thermodynamics in the presence of the RTIL molecules adsorbed on the HKUST‐1‐derived Cu *** findings offer a novel approach of immobilizing RTIL co‐catalysts within porous frameworks for CO_(2) electroreduction applications.

摘要：Solar thermochemical CO_(2)-splitting(STCS)is a promising solution for solar energy harvesting and ***,practical solar fuel production by utilizing earth-abundant iron/iron oxides remains a great challenge because of the formation of passivation layers,resulting in slow reaction kinetics and limited CO_(2)***,we report a novel material consisting of an iron-nickel alloy embedded in a perovskite substrate for intensified CO production via a two-step STCS *** novel material achieved an unprecedented CO production rate of 381 mL g^(-1)min^(-1)with 99%CO_(2)conversion at 850℃,outperforming state-of-the-art *** situ structural analyses and density functional theory calculations show that the alloy/substrate interface is the main active site for CO_(2)*** oxidation of the FeNi alloy at the interface(as opposed to forming an FeO_(x)passivation shell encapsulating bare metallic iron)and rapid stabilization of the iron oxide species by the robust perovskite matrix significantly promoted the conversion of CO_(2)to *** regeneration of the alloy/perovskite interfaces was realized by isothermal methane reduction with simultaneous production of syngas(H_(2)/CO=2,syngas yield>96%).Overall,the novel perovskite-mediated dealloying-exsolution redox system facilitates highly efficient solar fuel production,with a theoretical solar-to-fuel efficiency of up to 58%,in the absence of any heat integration.

摘要：Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction has attracted growing attention as a promising route to realize artificial carbon *** transfer plays an essential role in CO_(2) reduction and dramatically impacts product ***,the precise control of proton transfer during CO_(2) reduction remains *** this study,we present a well-controlled proton transfer through the modification of several purines with similar molecular structures,and reveal a direct correlation between surface proton transfer capability and CO_(2) reduction selectivity over Cu *** a moderate proton transfer capability,the guanine modification can remarkably boost CH_(4) production and suppress C2 products ***-situ ATR-SEIRAS suggests a weakened^(*)CO intermediate adsorption and a relatively low local pH environment after the guanine modification,which facilitates the^(*)CO protonation and detachment for CH_(4) generation.