摘要：In the pragmatics literature the relationship between mitigation and pragmatic empathy remains largely an underexplored,or even worse,a controversial issue,giving rise to the formulation of divergent views of empathy in *** I treat empathy as a working mechanism providing a general explanation of how mitigation works,Caffi(1999;2007;2013)adopts a“paradox”view on *** purpose of this paper is to track down the sources of divergence by comparing and contrasting our conceptualizations of *** is found that the biggest difference lies in the treatment of ***,although I argue in favor of my empathic view,I see it as complementary,rather than contradictory,to Caffi’s *** relationship between mitigation and politeness is revisited with its implications for teaching pragmatics briefly discussed.

摘要：Core discing often occurs in deep rocks under high-stress conditions and has been identified as an important characteristic for deep rock *** paper presents the formation mechanism of core discing ***,the interaction between diamond drill bits and rock was analyzed based on numerical modeling.A novel drill bit with an inner conical crown for the mitigation of core discing was designed and verified by simulation *** mitigation method was applied in the cavern B1 of CJPL-Ⅱand satisfactory results had been *** percentage of core discing had been obviously decreased from 67.8%when drilling with a rectangular crown drill bit,to 26.5%when an inner conical crown drill bit had been *** paper gives full insight into core discing characteristics and provides a new method for core discing mitigation;it will potentially contribute to stress measurement in deep rock engineering.

摘要：Milling the free-end of cylindrical parts, which are vertically fixed on the machine table,often suffers from large chatter vibrations. This kind of phenomenon is harmful to the cutting process. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop means to suppress these undesirable *** paper proposes a new idea for designing a tunable mass damper(TMD) to reduce vibrations in milling of cylindrical parts. Frequency response function(FRF) of the milling system is derived to comprehensively reveal the influence of both the dynamic response of the machine tools and the TMD. Critical axial depth of cut, which is usually used to characterize the process stability, is formulated by considering the FRFs of both the milling system itself and the TMD. Maximization of critical axial depth of cut is taken as objective function, while kernel dynamic parameters of TMD,which are involved in the derived expression of critical axial depth of cut, are extracted as designable variables. Optimization procedure is carried out to adjust the parameters of TMD by using sequential quadratic programming algorithm. A series of experiments with a designed passive TMD validate that the design has a good performance in reducing vibrations and improving stability of milling process.

摘要：This paper assessed some of the reported cases of building failures and their possible causes in Nigeria between 1977 and 2011. The reported major failure causes are structural failure (SF), Carelessness (CLSS), poor workmanship (PW), poor supervision (PS), poor materials (PM), and quackery (Q).These causes of failure were subjected to Chi-Square statistical test at 5% significant level and 4 degree of freedom to know the most common cause of failure in Nigeria. The analysis showed quackery as the principal culprit in the reported building failures in Nigeria with prevalence of 8 over poor supervision being the minimum in occurrence. Structural failure occurred 5 times, while poor materials, carelessness and poor workmanship occurred 4, 2 and 2 respectively. The Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) with Engineering Regulation and Monitoring (ERM) as her arm as a technical professional group discouraging quackery and failures generally in Engineering Practice. The holistic approach needs effective training of Engineers starting with strong mathematical and scientific background at the secondary and tertiary education levels in conjunction with rigorous field and Industrial training exercises. There after effective scrutiny, professional registration process of competent engineers is followed.