摘要：obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are *** investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative *** short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte ***,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore ***,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse ***-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious ***-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS *** conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.

摘要：Certain dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors have been studied extensively and consistently have been found to be associated with childhood overweight and obesity Productive sedentary-to-light activity pursuits may enhance the relationship among positive health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a population of adolescents participating in a creative, problem-solving afterschool program and to identify the physical activity, sedentary, and dietary behaviors related to overweight and obesity in this group. This study describes health behaviors thought to be related to weight status for 1679 adolescents in grades 6 12 participating in a competitive, creative, team-oriented, problem-solving afterschool program. Self-reported dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behavior data were collected in this convenience sample based on the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Measured height and weight data were collected to calculate BMI percentile. Using multinomial regression, models were constructed to predict the likelihood of being classified as overweight/obese. The prevalence of overweight in the study population was 15.6%, obese was 11.4%. Fruit/vegetable intake, milk consumption, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, television time, and total screen time were all independently associated with weight status. After controlling for all covariates, male gender, minority racial/ethnic status, and high screen time while not meeting the physical activity recommendation significantly increased the likelihood of overweight/obesity. The participants in the current study are leaner and engage in healthier behaviors compared to national data for adolescents. The interactive variable combining both sedentary and PA measures is a relatively new technique used to provide a better understanding of the relationship between sedentary and physical activity behaviors as they relate to weight status. Even among

摘要：Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in human obesity. Yet, the neural circuitry supporting the BDNF-mediated control of energy homeostasis remains largely undefined. To map key regions that might provide inputs to or receive inputs from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) BDNF neurons, a key type of cells in regulating feeding and thermogenesis, we used rabies virus-based transsynaptic labeling and adeno-associated virus based anterograde tracing techniques to reveal their whole-brain distributions. We found that dozens of brain regions provide dense inputs to or receive dense inputs from PVN BDNF neurons, including several known weight control regions and several novel regions that might be functionally important for the BDNF-mediated regulation of energy ***, several regions show very dense reciprocal connections with PVN BDNF neurons, including the lateral septum, the preoptic area, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, the zona incerta, the lateral parabrachial nucleus, the subiculum, the raphe magnus nucleus, and the raphe pallidus nucleus. These strong anatomical connections might be indicative of important functional connections. Therefore, we provide an outline of potential neural circuitry mediated by PVN BDNF neurons, which might be helpful to resolve the complex obesity network.

摘要：Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), recent studies revealed increasing consumption of animal products and refined foods in the diet at the expense of vegetables and fruits. These dietary changes were accused of increasing the prevalence of both overweight and obesity observed among Saudi children, adolescences and adults in the last few decades. Objectives: The present study was a cross sectional study aimed at exploring the BMI distribution among students of college of Sciences and Arts for girls Khamis Mushayt Campus 1 at King Khalid University (KKU) and investigated how Dietary habits of students female affected body mass index (BMI). Methods: A total of 240 female students aged 18 - 22 years were about 25% from total students randomly chosen from college of Arts and Science Campus 1 at Khamis Mushayt, King Khalid University, KSA for the present study. A self-reported questionnaire about the student’s dietary habits was conducted and their body mass index (BMI) was measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and Chi-square test conducted for variables. Results: About half of the students (47%) were within normal weight, 27.4% were under weight, 16% were overweight and 9.6% were categorized obese. The majority of the students reported eating meals with their family while more than half of sample (58.7%) had eating meals during watching TV. It was worth mentioning that 84.5% of students reported eating snacks such as chocolate and chips 3 or more times per week. There were no significant differences between BMI category and dietary habits. Conclusion and Recommendations: There were no significant difference between body mass index category and dietary habits. Increasing educational programs introduced healthy dietary concepts to improve the dietary habits of female students.

摘要：This review is intended to help clinicians design drug regimens for special populations of critically ill patients with extremes of body size, habitus and composition that make drug choice or dosing particularly challenging due to the lack of high-level evidence on which to make wellinformed clinical decisions. The data sources included a literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE with reviews of reference lists of retrieved articles. Abstracts of original research investigations and review papers were reviewed for their relevance to drug choice or dosing in the following special critically ill populations: patients with more severeforms of bodyweight or height, patients with amputations or missing limbs, pregnant patients, and patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or plasma exchange. Relevant papers were retrieved and evaluated, and their associated reference lists were reviewed for citations that may have been missed through the electronic search strategy. Relevant original research investigations and review papers that could be used to formulate general principles for drug choice or dosing in special populations of critically ill patients were extracted. Randomized studies with clinically relevant endpoints were not available for performing quantitative analyses. Critically ill patients with changes in body size, habitus and composition require special consideration when designing medication regimens, but there is a paucity of literature on which to make drug-specific, high-level evidencebased recommendations. Based on the evidence that is available, general recommendations are provided for drug choice or dosing in special critically ill populations.

摘要：Background: In the past few decades, the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases and disorders of the liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, and lung, have been increasing in Western and Asian countries, including Japan. Numerous factors, including abnormal body weight (obesity, overweight, or underweight), infrequent exercise, and other unfavorable lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking and heavy alcohol drinking) have been proposed as risk factors for the development and the progression of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which ultimately lead to impaired organ function and possibly death. However, the mechanisms that link these risk factors with diseases are still poorly understood, and the potential treatments, including pharmacotherapy and diet, have not been fully evaluated. Methods: In 2011, we established a new collaborative research program, the Saitama Cardiometabolic Disease and Organ Impairment Study (SCDOIS). This multidisciplinary observational epidemiological research study was designed to cover several high-profile diseases and some traditional fields of internal medicine, as well as apparently unrelated fields and particular lifestyle factors, such as unhealthy eating behaviors. In a series of studies, apparently healthy subjects who underwent a regular medical checkup were retrospectively identified based on the results of their medical checkups. In this way, the incidence, prevalence, causality, and clinical relevance of specific conditions and diseases have been investigated in cross-sectional analyses of 100,000 - 200,000 adults, and in longitudinal studies of several thousand subjects who underwent medical checkups multiple times. Discussion: This article describes the background, rationale, purpose, and methods of the SCDOIS. Using data obtained from annual medical checkups, our goals are to 1) establish criteria or identify clinical features that would enable clinicians to detect the presence of abnormal conditions associat

摘要：目的:通过使用氘稀释法以及调查早期使用生长激素(GH)治疗在增加肌肉含量(LM)和防止均匀性肥胖方面的疗效,来评价Prader-Willi综合征(PWS)患儿的机体组分。试验设计:由11例<2岁的PWS患儿组成GH组,对他们进行为期30个月的GH治疗,6例只给予辅酶Q10治疗1年的婴幼儿组成Q10组。由95名健康儿童的资料计算得出身高校正后的LM含量(LMH1)