摘要：Recently there has been great progress in laser-driven plasma-based accelerators by exploiting high-power lasers,where electron beams can be accelerated to multi-GeV energy in a centimeter-scale plasma due to the laser wakefield acceleration mechanism. While, to date, worldwide research on laser plasma accelerators has been focused on the creation of compact particle and radiation sources for basic sciences, medical and industrial applications, there is great interest in applications for high-energy physics and astrophysics, exploring unprecedented high-energy frontier phenomena. In this context, we present an overview of experimental achievements in laser plasma acceleration from the perspective of the production of GeV-level electron beams, and deduce the scaling formulas capable of predicting experimental results self-consistently, taking into account the propagation of a relativistic laser pulse through plasma and the accelerating field reduction due to beam loading. Finally, we present design examples for 10-GeV-level laser plasma acceleration, which is expected in near-term experiments by means of petawatt-class lasers.

摘要：After a famous Finland scholar Chesterman introducing memes of translation in his work, memes of translation,and a well-known Chinese Professor He Ziran bringing it into Chinese academic fields, it has successfully arousedmany Chinese scholars’ attention, which is sensational and popular in related researchs. This paper is to introducethe propagation, application and variation of memes of translation in Chinese academic circles, which shows thecharm and popularity of memes of translation naturally.

摘要：In this paper, four new hybrid digital circuit design techniques, namely, hybrid multi-threshold CMOS complete stack technique, hybrid multi-threshold CMOS partial stack technique, hybrid super cutoff complete stack technique and hybrid super cutoff partial stack technique, have been proposed to reduce the subthreshold leakage power dissipation in standby modes. Techniques available in literature are compared with our proposed hybrid circuit design techniques. Performance parameters such as subthreshold leakage power dissipation in active and standby modes, dynamic power dissipation and propagation delay, are compared using existing and proposed hybrid techniques for a two input AND gate. Reduction of subthreshold leakage power dissipation in standby mode is given more importance, in comparison with the other circuit design performance parameters. It is found that there is reduction in subthreshold leakage power dissipation in standby and active modes by 3.5× and 1.15× respectively using the proposed hybrid super cutoff complete stack technique as compared to the existing multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) technique. Also a saving of 2.50× and 1.04× in subthreshold leakage power dissipation in standby and active modes respectively were observed using hybrid super cutoff complete stack technique as compared to the existing super cutoff CMOS (SCCMOS) technique. The proposed hybrid super cutoff stack technique proved to perform better in terms of subthreshold leakage power dissipation in standby mode in comparison with other techniques. Simulation results using Microwind EDA tool in 65 nm CMOS technology is provided in this paper.

摘要：当代艺术自９０年代以来在中国的发展更新，使越来越多的人深感批评话语的溃乏。传统的印象式批评对于当代艺术不再生效，西方各种理论的横向移植不再得体。这表现在：批评家的逻辑运思的混乱、知识背景的贫困和有限批评的无明上。本文主要以“什么是现代艺术”的系列文章...