摘要：Underground mining is going to be deeper gradually because near surface resources are going to be depleted. Therefore, risk of seismic events in underground mines is escalating. Additionally, existence of the large ratio of horizontal to vertical stress, could be a potential reason for high-stress condition and occurrence of dynamic activities. Depending on various parameters such as the level of induced stress, rock properties, etc., ground demand changes and it is difficult to estimate. On the other hand,under seismic condition, energy dissipation and deformation capacity of supports is the most important factors, however, rock support performance factors in dynamic conditions are still under *** the knowledge of reinforcement behaviour and capacity, specifically that of the rockbolt as a primary element in seismic conditions, would help to develop a suitable, safe and economic support design. This paper contains various methods to estimate ground demand including the intact rock properties approach, failure thickness and ejection velocity estimation, and rockburst damage potential method. It also covers measurement methods of rockbolts energy dissipation capacities such as drop test,blasting simulating, back calculation and momentum transfer measurement methods. A large-scale dynamic test rig is also explained. Based on the findings, a table and a graph to show the applicable range of each type of rockbolts were presented. Suitable rockbolt types for various ground energy demand and deformation capacity range were categorised in the table and the graph. The presented support selection method facilitates the selection of a suitable reinforcement system at the preliminary stages of design and guides the designer to adjust the support reinforcement system based on observed ground and support reaction.

摘要：Background: The number of older people is increasing. Many of them expect to maintain a rich social life and to continue driving at an older age. Objective: The present study investigates the mechanisms behind self-regulation and driving cessation in order to suggest development of support systems to prolong older drivers’ safe mobility. Method: Three focus groups were conducted with 19 older active drivers aged 65+ who were divided according to annual mileage driven. Results: A content analysis revealed broad self-regulatory behaviour as already reported in the literature, e.g., avoiding driving at rush hour and at night. The participants also reported difficulty in finding the way to their final destination and an increasing need to plan their travelling. Co-piloting was a behaviour applied by couples to cope with difficulties encountered in traffic. A large part of the discussion was focused on emerging feelings of stress, anxiety and fear when driving in recent years, a feeling induced by external factors e.g., other road users’ behaviour, traffic density or high speed. Apart from health problems, high levels of stress could explain driving cessation, especially for women. An increased feeling of safety and comfort could be achieved by an increased use of support systems specifically designed to respond to older drivers’ needs. Conclusion: support systems for older drivers should increase comfort and decrease their stress levels. New systems, such as co-pilot function and more developed Global Positioning system (GPS) supporting of the entire travel from door to door, should be developed to respond to the market needs.

摘要：The main tower of Wenchang Bridge in Fangchenggang City is a cable-stayed bridge with arched pylon of camellia chrysantha type, and the pylon is a special-shaped solid reinforced concrete structure. The design of special-shaped reinforced concrete main tower support is one of the difficulties in engineering. The support has high height, complex structure and high stress requirements. According to its structural characteristics, the "large diameter steel pipe support system + integral steel formwork" is adopted. The support system of the bracket is relatively complicated, and especially the arch is a solid concrete arch with a lateral deflection of 20 degrees from the transverse bridge, which generates a lateral force component of nearly 300t t. The concrete arch tower of the whole cable-stayed bridge needs to adopt a large-diameter steel pipe + section steel composite system to meet the support of the two force component loads generated by the camber gravity of the arch of the main tower. Midas Civil is used for overall modeling verification, and the strength, rigidity and stability of the support system are verified.

摘要：为满足既有建筑物使用功能的要求,需要对改造区域进行抽柱托换加固。本文结合工程实例,分析了采用增大截面法托梁抽柱中所面临的关键技术问题,并提出了相应的解决方案;根据验算结果制定了钢架支撑、梁增大截面和碳纤维片材加固梁板等详细的加固设计方案,对施工流程和施工技术要点进行了分析,同时为了防止施工过程中钢架支撑不发生屈曲变形和倾覆,保证混凝土结构的安全性,对钢架支撑、框架梁混凝土和钢筋的应变进行了实时监测,监测结果远小于规范限值要求,验证了本次抽柱托换加固方案的合理性和有效性,为类似的托换工程提供了良好的指导作用。