摘要：The rapid growth of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic makes it a high priority to develop an effective *** a live attenuated or inactivated HIV vaccine is not likely to be approved for clinical application due to safety concerns,HIV virus like particles(VLPs) offer an attractive alternative because they are considered safer since they lack viral *** got a stable eukaryotic cell line by G418 resistance selection,engineered to express the HIV-1 structure protein Gag and Env efficiently and *** confirmed the presence of Gag and Env proteins in the cell culture supernatant and that they could self-assemble into *** VLPs were found to be able to elicit specific humoral and cellular immune response after immunization without any adjuvant.

摘要：Avian influenza, subtype H5N1, causes occasional but serious infections in humans and efforts to produce vaccines against this strain continue. Current influenza vaccines are prophylactic and utilize the two major antigens, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Nucleocapsid protein (NP) is an attractive alternative antigen because it is highly conserved across all influenza strains, has been shown to increase the rate of viral clearance, and potential therapeutic vaccines would elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in an infected person. The NP antigen from H5N1 was characterized using a variety of physico-chemical methods to gain insights into both the biological and physical properties of the antigen which are important from a regulatory viewpoint when considering therapeutic vaccines. Results obtained to date show that NP is relatively unstable and indicate that the conformation of the H5N1 NP antigen is highly dependent upon purification procedure, buffer conditions, pH and the presence or absence of RNA. These factors will need to be clearly defined and taken into consideration when manufacturing and regulating NP vaccine preparations.

摘要：Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the major causes of death worldwide,despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past *** treatment paradigms,with chemotherapy and biologics,appear to have reached their maximum ***,especially with checkpoint inhibitors,has shown considerable clinical benefit in various cancers,including mismatch-repair-deficient *** has led to the planning and initiation of several clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapy agents—as single agents,combinations and in conjunction with chemotherapy—in patients with *** article reviews biological and preclinical data for checkpoint inhibitors and discusses various immunotherapy trials in CRC,as well as current efforts in CRC immunotherapy.

摘要：The overarching goal of computational protein design is to gain complete control over protein structure and *** majority of sophisticated binders and enzymes,however,are large and exhibit diverse and complex folds that defy atomistic design ***,recent strategies that combine evolutionary constraints from natural homologs with atomistic calculations have significantly improved design *** these approaches,evolutionary constraints mitigate the risk from misfolding and aggregation,focusing atomistic design calculations on a small but highly enriched sequence *** methods have dramatically optimized diverse proteins,including vaccine immunogens,enzymes for sustainable chemistry,and proteins with therapeutic *** new generation of deep learning-based ab initio structure predictors can be combined with these methods to extend the scope of protein design,in principle,to any natural protein of known *** envision that protein engineering will come to rely on completely computational methods to efficiently discover and optimize biomolecular activities.

摘要：多表位疫苗（multiepitope vaccine）也称鸡尾酒式疫苗,是一种基于目标抗原表位氨基酸序列设计的新型亚单位疫苗。根据设计方法不同,可分为线性串联多表位疫苗、多价抗原肽表位疫苗、病毒颗粒样疫苗等形式。