摘要：A well-designed redox-active organic linker,pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylate(H_4pztc)with brimming active sites for lithium ions storage was utilized to construct coordination polymers(CPs)via a facile hydrothermal *** two isostructural two-dimensional(2D)CPs,namely[M_2(pztc)(H_2O)_6]_n(M=Co for 1 and Ni for 2),delivered excellent reversible capacities and stable cycling performance as anodes in lithium ion *** demonstrated in electrochemical studies,1 and 2 can achieve highly reversible capacities of 815 and 536 mA h g^(-1)at 200 mA g^(-1)for 150 cycles,respectively,best performed for the reported2D-CP-based anode *** electrochemical mechanism studies showed that the remarkable performances can be ascribed to the synergistic Li-storage redox reactions of metal centers and organic *** work highlights the opportunities of using a well-designed organic ligand to construct low-dimensional CPs as new type of electrode materials for advanced lithium ion batteries.

摘要：Today, millions of electrocommunication, electric, medical, and industrial devices use battery. Batteries with long life and high energy density seem to be essential in medical, military, oil and mining, aerospace areas as well as conditions in which access is difficult and in situations where replacement or recharging of battery is *** this regard, the use of radiation energy resulting from radioactive materials and its conversion to electric energy can be effective in making batteries. In the present study,various Mo-99 radioisotope values with a half-life of 65.98 h were used as a soluble radioactive source in two materials of water and aqua regia. Then, by comparing the results of the Monte Carlo simulations program MCNPX for these two solutions, it was found that when the water is used instead of aqua regia(for idealization), the values of the superficial current of electrons, the volumetric flux of electrons, and the deposited energy in the volume containing the radioactive solution increased by 10.80, 4.10,and 13.80%, respectively. Also, the short-circuit current and energy conversion efficiency of this battery with a concentration of 0.01 molar, Mo-99 dissolved in the aqua regia are 0.79μA and 16.47%, respectively.

摘要：An energy-storage system comprised of lithium-ion battery modules is considered to be a core component of new energy vehicles,as it provides the main power source for the transmission ***,manufacturing defects in battery modules lead to variations in performance among the cells used in series or parallel *** variation results in incomplete charge and discharge of batteries and non-uniform temperature distribution,which further lead to reduction of cycle life and battery capacity over *** solve this problem,this work uses experimental and numerical methods to conduct a comprehensive investigation on the clustering of battery cells with similar performance in order to produce a battery module with improved electrochemical *** were first performed by dismantling battery modules for the measurement of performance *** kmeans clustering and support vector clustering(SVC)algorithms were then employed to produce battery modules composed of 12 cells *** verification of the results obtained from the clustering analysis was performed by measuring the temperature rise in the cells over a certain period,while air cooling was *** was found that the SVC-clustered battery module in Category 3 exhibited the best performance,with a maximum observed temperature of 32℃.By contrast,the maximum observed temperatures of the other battery modules were higher,at 40℃for Category 1(manufacturer),36℃for Category 2(manufacturer),and 35℃for Category 4(k-means-clustered battery module).

摘要：In recent years, electric vehicles are developing rapidly in automotive industry. When involved in accidents, if the batteries of electric cars break, it is likely to cause a short circuit and start a fire. Aimed at this issue, a car battery protection device based on torsion spring has been designed. The car battery protection device can deform in a particular pattern in a collision accident. Impact energy of the accident is absorbed by the deformation, which can significantly reduce impact force on the batteries. Meanwhile, based on the principle of maximum energy absorption, some crucial parameters of the device can be determined. Furthermore, an impact simulation conducted on ANSYS software shows that maximum safety factors can be obtained when the material of car battery protection device is carbon steel. The analysis of "safe space" in the car battery protection device shows that the device can prevent battery damage effectively in general circumstances, which means the reliability of the device has been verified. Therefore, when applied to electric vehicles, the car battery protection device,which can prevent secondary accidents, significantly improves the vehicle security in accidents.

摘要：The present paper has disseminated the design approach, project implementation, and economics of a nano-grid system. The deployment of the system is envisioned to acculturate the renewable technology into Indian society by field-on-laboratory demonstration (FOLD) and ''bridge the gaps between research, develop-ment, and *** system consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV)(2.4 kWp), a wind turbine (3.2 kWp), and a battery bank (400 Ah). Initially, a prefeasibility study is conducted using the well-established HOMER (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA. The feasibility study indicates that the optimal capacity for the nano-grid system consists of a 2.16 kWp solar PV, a 3 kWp wind turbine, a 1.44 kW inverter, and a 24 kWh battery bank. The total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE) of the system are US$20789.85 and US$0.673/kWh,respectively. However, the hybrid system consisting of a 2.4 kWp of solar PV,a 3.2 kWp of wind turbine, a 3 kVA of inverter, and a 400 Ah of battery bank has been installed due to unavailability of system components of desired values and to enhance the reliability of the *** TNPC and COE of the system installed are found to be US$20073.63 and US$0,635/kWh, respectively and both costs are largely influenced by battery cost. Besides, this paper has illustrated the installation details of each component as well as of the system. Moreover, it has discussed the detailed cost breakup of the system. Furthermore, the performance of the system has been investigated and validated with the simulation results. It is observed that the power generated from the PV system is quite significant and is almost uniform over the year. Contrary to this, a trivial wind velocity prevails over the year apart from the month of April,May,and June,so does the power yield. This research demonstration provides a pathway for future planning of scaled-up hybrid

摘要：Fundamental physical and (electro) chemical principles of rechargeable battery operation form the basis of the electronic network models developed for Nickel-based aqueous battery systems, including Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH), and non-aqueous battery systems, such as the well-known Li-ion. Refined equivalent network circuits for both systems represent the main contribution of this paper. These electronic network models describe the behavior of batteries during normal operation and during over (dis) charging in the case of the aqueous battery systems. This makes it possible to visualize the various reaction pathways, including convention and pulse (dis) charge behavior and for example, the self-discharge performance.

摘要：This paper designed the loop-locked SVPWM control system of current source inverter (CSI) in the battery pack charging/discharging system. The battery pack is sensitive to the charging/discharging current ripple and orders the current posess fast transform speed. Because the battery pack has tiny inner resistance, back electromotive force and it acted as a comparative load. This made the system hard to design. The control system aimed at the specialty of the battery pack load and put forward a loop-locked control method based on dq coordinate conversion in SVPWM converters. It increases the transform efficiency by SVPWM and gets high power factor and high dynamic response quality by dq coordinate conversion.

摘要：This paper presents a real-time battery management unit designed by applying the Coulomb counting method and intended for use in an integrated renewable energy system for PV-Hybrid power supply. battery management is required to stabilize hybrid systems and extend battery lifetimes. The battery management unit is divided into three main stages. Firstly, analysis of the basic components of the battery type used in the system is considered. Secondly, the state of charge (SOC) estimation method and the deterioration factor of the battery are analyzed. Finally, the overall battery management system, including a computer-based measurement and control unit, is constructed. The control system displays real-time information through LabVIEW 8.5 by estimating the state of charge through various measurements. The system will issue alerts when malfunctions are detected, and the operator can analyze and react to the system in real time to stabilize the system and extend the battery lifetime.

摘要：Many countries have been triggered to provide a new energy policy which promotes renewable energy applications because of public awareness to reduce the global warming and rising in fuel prices. Renewable energy sources such as solar energy are green and promising energy in the future for widespread use. Combining renewable energy sources with battery makes electricity supply more economical and reliable to meet all possible load level. This paper proposed a new hybrid method to optimize Photovoltaic (PV)-battery systems. The proposed method was named Interval type-2 fuzzy adaptive genetic algorithm (IT2FAGA). Genetic algorithm (GA) is one of modern optimization techniques that has been successfully applied in various areas of power systems. To enhance the ability of GA to prevent trapping in? local optima and increase convergence in a global optima, the crossover probability (pcross) and the mutation probability (pmut), parameters in GA, are tuned using interval type-2 fuzzy logic (IT2FL). Objective function used in this paper was the annual cost of sytem (ACS) consisting of the annual capital cost (ACC), annual replacement cost (ARC), annual operation cost maintenance (AOM). The proposed method was also compared to fuzzy adaptive genetic algorithm (FGA) and standard genetic algorithm (SGA). Simulation results indicated that the

摘要：In this paper, a new control strategy of battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed for hybrid electric drive vehicles (HEVs). Compared to the stand, alone battery system may not be sufficient to satisfy peak demand periods during transients in HEVs, the ultracapacitor pack can supply or recover the peak power and it can be used in high C-rates. However, the problem of battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is how to interconnect the battery and ultracapacitor and how to control the power distribution. This paper reviewed some battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system topology and investigated the advantages and disadvantages, then proposed a new control strategy. The proposed control strategy can improve the system performance and ultracapacitor utilization, while also decreasing the battery pack size to avoid the thermal runaway problems and increase the life of the battery. The experiment results showed the proposed control strategy can improve 3% - 4% ultracapacitor utilization.