摘要：Covalent organic frameworks （COFs）, established as an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with high surface area, structural diversity, and esignability, attract much interest and exhibit potential applications in catalysis. In this review, we summarize the use of COFs as a versatile platform to develop heterogeneous catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions. Catalytic COFs are categorized in accordance with the types of active sites, involving single functional active sites, bifunctional active sites, and metal nanoparticles （NPs） embedded in pores. Special emphasis is placed on the deliberate or incidental synthesis strategies, the stability, the heterogeneity, and the shape/size selectivity for COF catalysis. Moreover, a description of the application of COFs as photocatalysts and electrocatalysts is presented. Finally, the prospects of COFs in catalysis and remaining issues in this field are indicated.

摘要：A series of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids(ILs)were synthesized and employed as catalysts for the production of poly(isosorbide carbonate)(PIC)from diphenyl carbonate and isosorbide via a melt polycondensation *** relationship between the anions of the ILs and the catalytic activities was investigated,and the readily‐prepared IL tetraethylammonium imidazolate(TEAI)was found to exhibit the highest catalytic *** optimizing the reaction conditions,a PIC with a weight‐average molecular weight(Mw)of25600g/mol was obtained,in conjunction with an isosorbide conversion of92%.As a means of modifying the molecular flexibility and thermal properties of the PIC,poly(aliphatic diol‐co‐isosorbide carbonate)s(PAIC)s were successfully synthesized,again using TEAI,and polymers with Mw values ranging from29000to112000g/mol were obtained.13C NMR analyses determined that the PAIC specimens had random microstructures,while differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that each of the PAICs were amorphous and had glass transition temperatures ranging from50to115°*** analyses found Td‐5%values ranging from316to332°C for these *** on these data,it is evident that the incorporation of linear or cyclohexane‐based diol repeating units changed the thermal properties of the PIC.

摘要：Growing concern regarding the sustainability of the chemical industry has driven the developmentof more efficient catalytic ***‐generation estimates of catalyst viability are based oncrustal abundance,which has severe ***,we propose a second‐generation approachto predicting the viability of novel catalysts prior to industrial implementation to benefit the globalchemical *** this prediction,we found that a correlation exists between catalyst consumptionand the annual production or price of the catalyst element for11representative industrialcatalytic *** on this correlation,we have introduced two new descriptors for catalystviability,namely,catalyst consumption to availability ratio per annum(CCA)and consumed catalystcost to product value ratio per annum(CCP).Based on evaluations of CCA and CCP for selected industrial reactions,we have grouped catalysts from the case studies according to viability,allowing the identification of general limits of viability based on CCA and *** the CCA and CCP and their comparing with the general limits of viability provides researchers with a novel framework for evaluating whether the cost or physical availability of a new catalyst could be *** have extended this analysis to calculate the predicted limits of economically viable production and product cost for new catalysts.?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of *** by Elsevier *** rights reserved.

摘要：Methanol is regarded as an important liquid fuel for hydrogen storage, transportation, and in-situ generation due to its convenient conveyance, high energy density, and low conversion temperature. In this work, an overview of state-of-the-art investigations on methanol reforming is critically summarized, including the detailed introduction of methanol conversion pathways from the perspective of fuel cell applications, various advanced materials design for catalytic methanol conversion, as well as the development of steam methanol reformers. For the section of utilization pathways, reactions such as steam reforming of methanol, partial oxidation of methanol, oxidative steam reforming of methanol, and sorption-enhanced steam methanol reforming were elaborated;For the catalyst section, the strategies to enhance the catalytic activity and other comprehensive performances were summarized;For the reactor section, the newly designed steam methanol reformers were thoroughly described. This review will benefit researchers from both fundamental research and fuel cell applications in the field of catalyzing methanol to hydrogen.

摘要：他是顽固更顽强的山羊座男子,固执之余,全身心热爱并投入到＂任何以创意让世界变美、变好的题目＂中来;他满怀抱负,将自己定义为全新＂触媒——catalyst＂一角,从台湾室内设计产业,到台湾电视产业,再到台湾媒体产业,每一步他都期许自己的努力,让产业的定义产生一些进步与变化。这个男子就是姚仁禄——大小创意斋创意长。《时尚北京》杂志这次走进姚仁禄,希望同你一起分享他多年的创意心得,希望他的妙语连珠、巧妙生动的比喻和叙述能对你有所启发。

摘要：电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CO_(2)RR)能够利用可再生电能将CO_(2)转化为高附加值化学品和燃料,是一项有望缓解当下环境挑战的技术方案.本文总结了CO_(2)RR稳足性下降的根本原因,并探讨了解决这一问题的有效策略以及最新的研究进展.首先,在外加电位的作用下,催化剂会发生结构转变,且碳沉积或气体杂质引起的催化剂中毒都会降低CO_(2)RR的稳定性.其次,气体扩散层(GDL)附近发生水淹和盐沉淀会阻碍反应物/生成物的传输,三相界面会受到破坏.在长时间服役时,液压和电流的作用会导致GDL开裂.在电解质方面,碱性电解质会与CO_(2)中和,形成碳酸盐沉淀;而酸性介质腐蚀催化剂,并伴随严重的析氢副反应.另外,电解质中的金属离子杂质的优先还原进一步加剧了稳定性的衰减.深入理解CO_(2)RR中各类失活现象对设计稳定、高效的CO_(2)电催化系统具有指导意义.针对CO_(2)RR稳定性研究目前所面临的困境,本文最后展望了该领域未来的研究方向.

摘要： This paper presents the plant design for fuel production from plastic waste. The types of plastics to be used for the fuel production include polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. All these materials are to be sourced from Kpone landfill site in Accra, Ghana, where the plant is to be situated. The major fuels produced are gasoline, diesel and kerosene with a plant capacity of approximately 1000 tons of plastic waste per day and its attainment is 95%. The production process involves sorting the municipal solid waste to obtain suitable plastics. The plastics are extruded and cracked thermally in a Pyrolyzer and the gases from it are reformed over Zeolite-ZSM 5 as the catalyst in a reactor. Resulting vapours are fractionated in a column to obtain the various fuel components. The plant operates 24 hours/day and 347 days/year with 3 shifts per day of 8 hours per shift. Total capital required to build and start up the plant amounts to approximately 17 Million US Dollars. The plant life is 25 years with an annual rate of return of 34% and a payback period of 2.9 years for this project, after setting up. Annually, the plant would generate gross and net profits of approximately 9 Million US Dollars and 6.7 Million US Dollars respectively.

摘要：Adobe Flash平台最新附加件Flash catalyst将变革丰富网络应用的创建，免去代码的需要。怎么做呢？

摘要：随着信息化建设的深入发展和ERP项目的实施,各个行业对光纤网络系统提出了更高的要求。本文结合中国石油化工股份有限公司安庆分公司光纤网络系统的建设,提出了双主干、多通道、双主机的光纤网络系统的设计思想,介绍安庆石化光纤网络系统的设计与实现。

摘要：迷你USB Modem E230；10G EPON参考设计；集成GPS、蓝牙与FM技术的单芯片；射频直放站；catalyst 2918