摘要：Electrocatalysis is a promising approach to clean energy conversion due to its high efficiency and low environmental pollution. Noble metal materials have been studied to show high activity toward electrocatalyltic reactions, although such applications remain restricted by the high cost and poor durability of the noble metals. By precisely adjusting the catalyst composition, size, and structure, electrocatalysts with excellent performance can be obtained. Atomic layer deposition(ALD) is a technique used to produce ultrathin films and ultrafine nanoparticles at the atomic level. It possesses unique advantages for the controllable design and synthesis of electrocatalysts. Furthermore, the homogenous composition and structure of the electrocatalysts prepared by ALD favor the exploration of structure-reactivity relationships and catalytic mechanisms. In this review, the mechanism, characteristics, and advantages of ALD in fabricating nanostructures are introduced first. Subsequently, the problems associated with existing electrocatalysts and a series of recently developed ALD strategies to enhance the activity and durability of electrocatalysts are presented. For example, the deposition of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles to increase the utilization and activity of Pt, fabrication of core–shell, overcoat, nanotrap, and other novel structures to protect the noble-metal nanoparticles and enhance the catalyst stability. In addition, ALD developments in synthesizing non-noble metallic electrocatalysts are summarized and discussed. Finally, based on the current studies, an outlook for the ALD application in the design and synthesis of electrocatalysts is presented.

摘要：Noble metals are downsized to nano-/subnanoscale to improve their catalytic activity and ***,the stabilities in chemical state and catalytic performance of these nanocatalysts often suffer during harsh *** Pt nanoparticles(NPs)supported on CeO2,activated oxygen diffused from the support over-stabilizes the active sites of Pt,degrading its performance at mild *** this work,Pt nanocatalysts with unique structure of triple-junction are synthesized by selectively growing Pt NPs on the carbon-CeO2 ***,the Pt NPs exhibit much enhanced catalytic stability and high activity for CO oxidation at mild *** enhancement is attributed to electron donation from graphitized carbon and the confinement effect from the high-density nanopores of the CeO2 *** triple-junction of Pt-C-CeO2,combining the merits of CeO2 for activating O2 and electron donating capability of carbon,provides new inspiration to the fabrication of high-performance nanocatalysts.

摘要：The conversion of biomass-derived products to fine chemicals and fuels is extremely important for the utilization of renewable energy *** is not only a by-product formed during the hydrogenation of biomass-derived oxygenated chemicals,but also an inexpensive and nontoxic *** instability of solid catalysts for aqueous-phase reactions caused by metal leaching and the collapse of a catalyst support represents a significant *** this work,various catalyst stabilization strategies including the nanospace and interfacial confinements that prevent sintering and leaching of metal nanoparticles as well as modification methods for increasing the support stability are summarized and systemically *** addition,feasible approaches to designing stable and efficient heterogeneous catalysts for aqueous-phase reactions are proposed.