摘要：Structural analysis of steel frames is typically performed using beam elements. Since these elements are unable to explicitly capture the local buckling behavior of steel cross-sections, traditional steel design specifications use the concept of cross-section classification to determine the extent to which the strength and deformation capacity of a cross-section are affected by local buckling. The use of plastic design methods are restricted to Class 1 cross-sections, which possess sufficient rotation capacity for plastic hinges to develop and a collapse mechanism to form. Local buckling prevents the development of plastic hinges with such rotation capacity for cross-sections of higher classes and, unless computationally demanding shell elements are used, elastic analysis is required. However, this article demonstrates that local buckling can be mimicked effectively in beam elements by incorporating the continuous strength method (CSM) strain limits into the analysis. Furthermore, by performing an advanced analysis that accounts for both geometric and material nonlinearities, no additional design checks are required. The positive influence of the strain hardening observed in stocky cross-sections can also be harnessed, provided a suitably accurate stress–strain relationship is adopted;a quad-linear material model for hot-rolled steels is described for this purpose. The CSM strain limits allow cross-sections of all slenderness to be analyzed in a consistent advanced analysis framework and to benefit from the appropriate level of load redistribution. The proposed approach is applied herein to individual members, continuous beams, and frames, and is shown to bring significant benefits in terms of accuracy and consistency over current steel design specifications.

摘要：为了澄清拓扑化概念及促进发展,从基本概念入手,阐述了为拓扑变量正名、为有关映射顺言的必要性和迫切性.连续体结构拓扑优化方面的研究,以往学者们不注意厘清拓扑变量的概念,没有探讨其独立地位,而是依附于结构优化低层次,采用惩罚函数使变量趋于0/1,有研究者于2004年意识到应当引进Heaviside函数取代惩罚函数.其实,笔者在1996年提出的独立连续映射(independent continuous mapping,ICM)方法中已经彻底解决了这些问题:定义独立层次的拓扑变量;采用阶跃函数及其逆函数的近似逼近.本文阐述了ICM方法的概念,并以频率约束拓扑优化为例详述了建模及求解.算例表明ICM方法因概念清晰显示出明显优势.《论语·子路篇》曰:"名不正则言不顺,言不顺则事不成."正名方可顺言,是时候该为结构拓扑优化的设计变量正名和处理方法顺言了.

摘要：In this paper, new complex band pass filter architecture for continuous time complex band pass sigma delta modulator is presented. In continuation of paper the modulator is designed for GPS and Galileo receiver. This modulator was simulated in standard 0.18 μm CMOS TSMC technology and has bandwidth of 2MHz and 4MHz for GPS and Galileo centered in 4.092 MHz. The dynamic range (DR) is 56.5/49 dB (GPS/Galileo) at sampling rate of 125 MHz. The modulator has power consumption of 4.1 mw with 3 V supply voltage.

摘要：The Objective of this paper is to give more insight into CCM Operation of the LCL Converter to obtain op-timum design using state-space analysis and to verify the results using PSPICE Simulation for wide variation in loading conditions. LCL Resonant Full Bridge Converter (RFB) is a new, high performance DC-DC con-verter. High frequency dc-dc resonant converters are widely used in many space and radar power supplies owing to their small size and lightweight. The limitations of two element resonant topologies can be over-come by adding a third reactive element termed as modified series resonant converter (SRC). A three ele-ment resonant converter capable of driving voltage type load with load independent operation is presented. We have used embedded based triggering circuit and the embedded ‘C’ Program is checked in Keil Software and also triggering circuit is simulated in PSPICE Software. To compare the simulated results with hardware results and designed resonant converter is 200W and the switching frequency is 50 KHz.

摘要：Using a genetic algorithm owing to high nonlinearity of constraints, this paper first works on the optimal design of two-span continuous singly reinforced concrete beams. Given conditions are the span, dead and live loads, compressive strength of concrete and yield strength of steel;design variables are the width and effective depth of the continuous beam and steel ratios for positive and negative moments. The constraints are built based on the ACI Building Code by considering the strength requirements of shear and the maximum positive and negative moments, the development length of flexural reinforcement, and the serviceability requirement of deflection. The objective function is to minimize the total cost of steel and concrete. The optimal data found from the genetic algorithm are divided into three groups: the training set, the checking set and the testing set for the use of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The input vector of ANFIS consists of the yield strength of steel, compressive strength of concrete, dead load, span, width and effective depth of the beam;its outputs are the minimum total cost and optimal steel ratios for positive and negative moments. To make ANFIS more efficient, the technique of Subtractive Clustering is applied to group the data to help streamline the fuzzy rules. Numerical results show that the performance of ANFIS is excellent, with correlation coefficients between the three targets and outputs of the testing data being greater than 0.99.

摘要：基于ICM方法,建立了以重量为目标,分别在应力、位移、应力和位移联合约束下的连续体结构拓扑优化模型,并采用约束集成化方法对其进行求解。同时,利用幂指数形式下重量过滤函数与刚度过滤函数之间的不变量,针对不同幂指数的重量过滤函数,求出刚度过滤函数。最后,通过数值算例分析研究了不同过滤函数对连续体结构拓扑优化效率的影响,结果表明,在连续体结构拓扑优化中,应用非线性过滤函数,优化结果收敛快,迭代次数少,稳定性好。

摘要：本文运用有限元软件Midas/Civil建立有限元模型,对石马河大桥进行了模态分析;分别用反应谱法和时程响应分析法计算了该桥的地震响应,并对两种方法的计算结果进行比较分析。