摘要：Indroduction: National Aids control Organisation in India implementing National AIDS control?program uses WHO’s immunological criteria to screen virological failure. Using immunological criteria to detect virological failure has to be assessed. Predicting virological failure with immunological criteria in resource limited settings had low sensitivity. Factors that influence the outcome are studied. Methods: Retrospective study in tertiary care centre for HIV and TB, Chennai, India. Out of 35,044 on ART between January 2008 and September 2009, 452 suspected immunological failures were referred. 273 screened for virological failure.?Frequency, sensitivity/specificity, positive/negative predictive values, chi-square test, odds-ratio, independent sample t test for viral load greater than 10,000 and 1000 of each immunological criterion using Epi-Info and SPSS version 19. Results: 172 had virological failure (62.09%). Average age of failed was 37.33. Single criteria’s sensitivity was 60 to 84 for detecting virolological failure. Two or more criteria had specificity 55 to 79. Combination of two or more criteria increased odds ratio for virological failure. Positive predictive value was above 63 for all criteria. PPV was above 80 to the criterion all three positive. Conclusions: ART naive patients with >95% adherence the sensitivity of immunological criteria to detect virological failure is three times than earlier studies. Combination of criteria is more significantly associated with virological failure. Odds ratio doubled for two or more combination of criteria. Immunological criteria is affordable/acceptable for screening virological failure, with adherence > 95% and longer the duration of ART.

摘要：The criteria of process parameters(μ≤4),atomic size difference(ε≤5.8,δ≤11 andα≤2),thermodynamic(-14.5≤△Hmix≤6.5 andΩ≥1.8)in the prediction of the phase stability for laser-clad high-entropy alloy coatings are studied in ***,the criteria of valence electron concentration(VEC)applied to distinguish the stability of different solid solution phases are as follows:VEC<7.65 for simple BCC,VEC≥7.65 for simple face-centered cubic(FCC),7.14<VEC<7.78 for dual-phase BCC and *** them,μandεproposed firstly separate the phase stability of laserclad high-entropy alloy coatings quite *** other modified criteria(δ,α,△Hmix,Ω,VEC)are proved to be different from those of the high-entropy alloys synthesized by the traditional casting and smelting processes.

摘要：Safety systems, built on state-of-the-art technology, are essential for achieving acceptable levels of plant safety to minimize hazards to the reactor and the general public. The second shutdown system(SSS) as an engineered safety feature and a part of the reactor protection system(RPS) is a means for rapidly shutting down a nuclear reactor, keeping it in a subcritical state and serving as a backup to the first shutdown system(FSS). In this research, one SSS with two types of optimum chamber designs is proposed that take into account the main current characteristic features of the Tehran research reactor with improvements over earlier designs. They are based on a liquid neutron absorber injection that is preferably different, diverse, and independent from the FSS based on the rod drop mechanism. The major design characteristics of this SSS with two different chambers were investigated using MCNPX 2.6.0 code. The performed calculations showed that the designed SSS is a reliable shutdown system, assuring an appropriate shutdown margin and injection time, with no significant effects on the effective delayed neutron fraction while causing minimal variations to the core structure. Further, the reasonable financial cost and the prolongation of the operation cycle are additional advantages of this design.

摘要：Addressing design evaluation as a critical yet under-researched domain,this study analyzes the design evaluation structure and its variables and criteria that guide its *** a scope of architectural design in practice and education,this study develops a new tool for design quality *** study consists of four main *** first is explorative which reviews and analyzes literature in the assessment and evaluation *** second is derivative and used to develop a tool for design quality evaluation(DQE)that combines design criteria and detailed evaluation *** tool which is named"Evaluation Wheel"is intended to help designers,educators and other design-related stakeholders judge design products succinctly,comprehensively,systematically and *** third part is experimental and is used to test the applicability of the proposed wheel.A set of design products are evaluated by a group of designers using two methods;one uses various design criteria,and the other uses the wheel tool introduced in this *** fourth part is analytical and evaluative which uses deductive,inductive and abductive reasoning techniques to analyze and compare the findings of the third *** findings are presented and *** results that indicate a reduction of the discrepancies of the scores among the evaluators seem to support the uptake of the proposed wheel in the design evaluation fields.

摘要：This paper concerns with proposing a fuzzy logic based expert system to breakthrough the problem of alternatives evaluation in Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP as a multi criteria decision aid helped decision makers for ana-lyzing and prioritizing the alternatives in a hierarchical structure. During times AHP encountered some problems. Hence, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and some other extensions of AHP have been configured to solve those problems.

摘要：Frameworks provide large scale reuse by providing skeleton structure of similar applications. But the generality, that a framework may have, makes it fairly complex, hard to understand and thus to reuse. Frameworks have been classified according to many criteria. This paper proposes two types of framework (based on the concept of ‘generality’) named as: tight framework and loose framework. A case study is done by developing loose and tight frameworks for the appli-cation sets of Environment for Unit testing (EUT) domain. Based on the experience that we got by during this case study, we tried to find out the benefits of one (tight or loose) framework over the other. This work attempts to provide an initial background for meaningful studies related to the concept of ‘Design and Development of Framework’.

摘要：This paper deals with the design of high power – low dimensions axial-flux permanent-magnet motor intended for trac-tion application. First, two motor configurations are analytically designed and compared using finite element calcula-tion. Then, the configuration yielding the best performances is integrated and modelled with the whole traction chain under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment in order to demonstrate the motor operation on a large speed band.

摘要：It is well-known that the multi-valued CDMA spreading codes can be designed by means of a pair of mirror multi-rate filter banks based on some optimizing criterion. This paper indicates that there exists a theoretical bound in the performance of its circulating correlation property, which is given by an explicit expression. Based on this analysis, a criterion of maximizing entropy is proposed to design such codes. Computer simulation result suggests that the resulted codes outperform the conventional binary balanced Gold codes for an asynchronous CDMA system.

摘要：The paper discusses about anthropogenic pressure classification system on landscape oasises. As a result, based on designed criteria rates a thematic map titled ＂Anthropogenic pressure and its consequences on landscapes oasises of mid and lower part of Zarafshan River Basin＂ was developed. The thematic map depicts realthionship between ecological conditions and population diseases along various landscape oasises of the Zarafshan river valley.