摘要：Oxidative etching can be a powerful approach to modify the morphology of nanoscale materials for various *** of the etching mechanisms and morphological evolution during etching is *** the liquid cell transmission electron microscopy,we investigate the etching behavior of gold nanorods under different electron beam dose rates:caseⅠ,3.5×10^9 Gy s^-1;caseⅡ,1.5×10^10 Gy s^-1;caseⅢ,4.5×10^10 Gy s^-*** Au nanorod develops facets at the tips(caseⅠ)or adopts a transit ellipsoid shape and eventually dissolves(caseⅡ),depending on the dose *** rapid etching under an even higher dose rate(caseⅢ)may lead to the formation of Au3+ion-rich intermediates around the nanorod,which further accelerates the lateral etching and unexpectedly increases the aspect ratio of the *** quantitative analysis shows that the critical size of the nanorod,below which the etching rate increases significantly with the reduction of nanorod size,may vary subject to the degree that the system is away from *** results provide significant insights into the oxidative etching mechanisms and shed light on the rational design and synthesis of nanostructures.