摘要：石墨炔(GYs)是一种新型碳同素异形体,由sp和sp^(2)杂化碳原子组成.其中,石墨双炔(GDY)是目前研究和关注度最广泛的材料.其独特的sp杂化、均匀的孔隙和高度共轭的结构带来了优良的电子、光学和力学特性,其被广泛应用于电子器件、储能和转换、催化、气体分离、海水淡化等领域.然而,GDY材料仍然面临着诸多挑战,包括高结晶GDY的合成和快速无损的表征方法.本文就高结晶度GDY的设计、合成和结构表征进行了综述.本文还描述了GDY在各个领域的应用,为高度均匀的单晶GDY材料带来新的机遇.

摘要：Catalysts play decisive roles in determining the energy conversion efficiencies of energy *** to now,various types of nanostructured materials have been studied as advanced *** review highlights the application of one‐dimensional(1D)metal electrocatalysts in energy conversion,focusing on two important reaction systems-direct methanol fuel cells and water *** this review,we first give a broad introduction of electrochemical energy *** the second section,we summarize the recent significant advances in the area of 1D metal nanostructured electrocatalysts for the electrochemical reactions involved in fuel cells and water splitting systems,including the oxygen reduction reaction,methanol oxidation reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and oxygen evolution ***,based on the current studies on 1D nanostructures for energy electrocatalysis,we present a brief outlook on the research trend in 1D nanoelectrocatalysts for the two clean electrochemical energy conversion systems mentioned above.

摘要：Bio-nanochannels in living organisms participate in the physiological activities by selectively transporting ions through cell *** structure and function of biological ion channels inspire the development of artificial ion nanochannels with practical *** bioinspired nanochannels based on polymer materials present good mechanical stability,high-performance ion transport and designability,which have attracted much *** this review,we mainly focus on the fabrication and application of polymer-based biomimetic nanochannels especially in environmentally responsive biosensor and energy *** firstly introduce the basic understanding of nanochannels in ion regulation and osmotic energy ***,we discuss the fabrication methods of polymer-based nanochannels and highlight their advantages compared with other *** practical applications of polymer-based biomimetic nanochannels,especially in energy conversion and environmentally responsive biosensor,are detailedly ***,we summarize the unsolved problems in bioinspired nanochannels and overview the further developing direction in this field.

摘要：Currently,FeNi nanoalloys have received considerable attention for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in rechargeable aqueous zinc(Zn)-air batteries(ZABs)because of their high content and good chemical ***,their poor electronic conductivity,small surface area,and sluggish activity seriously hinder their catalytic ***,S-modulated FeNi nanoalloys supported by hierarchically porous carbon(SFeNi/PC)are synthesized through the thermal treatment of metal-organic precursors for efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysis.S decoration endows S-FeNi/PC with a superior OER performance while maintaining an ORR performance that is comparable to that of Pt/***,S-FeNi/PC exhibits excellent bifunctional oxygen catalytic activity,outperforming the noble-metal-based composite catalysts of Pt/C and RuO_(2).Notably,the ZABs assembled with S-FeNi/PC exhibit high specific capacity(792 mA h g^(-1)),high peak power density(123.5 mW cm^(-2)),and remarkable durability for 700 charge/discharge cycles at 10 mA cm^(-2),which surpasses the performance of commercially available Pt/C-RuOand other catalysts in previously reported *** study will provide not only new bifunctional oxygen electrodes for efficient ZAB devices but also new insights into the design of FeNi-based materials for a wide range of catalytic applications.