摘要：Environmental issues are complex and malicious problems involving many characteristics, variables, increasing their level of uncertainty. How should victims of these problems be accompanied when trying to solve such complex environmental disasters？ A broad understanding of these problems and a feeling of self-efficacy must be present in problem solvers in order for them to persevere up to the formulation of effective solutions. Two new trends in problem solving inspired the development of an approach to accompany citizens dealing with environmental problems： design thinking and the use of ICT in problem solving. Design thinking, a creative solving approach created by IDEO, is a collaborative way to work during which intuition, abductive thinking, quick prototyping and the consumers＇ needs are put first. As for ICT, they can now be used to store, share, develop and criticize information and solutions （Facebook, Padlet... ）. Design thinking and Facebook were drawn on to accompany 10 poorly educated Moroccan women in solving a problem arising from flooding of the Ourika river. The women were taught to use electronic tablets and Facebook. During workshops and through Facebook, women were invited to share their experiences with floods and to find solutions to the poor quality of their drinking water, after floods. Design thinking allowed participants to explore many dimensions of the chosen problem and to prototype a certain number of solutions to purify their water. Facebook was profitable to better define the problem and as a communication and brainstorming tool （before and during the water filtration prototype trials）. Design thinking and Facebook turned out to be effective tools to pose the water problem more widely, to find solutions adapted to the participants＇ living conditions and to improve their self-efficacy in problem solving as well as their collaboration.

摘要：一、引言九年义务教育初中英语2011版课标的核心目标是培养学生的思维能力,促进学生的心智发展,提高学生的人文素养。阅读是一种积极的智力活动过程,如何在英语阅读过程中设计有效的思维链条,引导教师研读文本、深挖文本,将学生的思维量做到最大化,是培养学生思维发展的有效途径。