摘要：The aim of this numerical investigation is to evaluate the laminar forced convection of biologically synthesized water-silver nanofluid through a heat sink(HS)filled with porous foam(PHS)using first and second laws of *** impacts of inlet velocity(V=0.5–3 m·s^-1)and volume fraction of nanofluid(φ=0–1%)on the performance metrics of HS are assessed and the outcomes are compared with those of the non-porous HS(NHS).The outcomes revealed that for both the PHS and NHS,the increase of V causes an intensification in convection coefficient,pumping power,and entropy generation due to fluid friction,while the maximum CPU temperature,thermal resistance,and entropy generation due to the heat transfer reduces by boosting ***,it was found that the augmentation of V results in intensification in convection coefficient,pumping power,overall hydrothermal performance,and frictional entropy generation,while the opposite is true for maximum CPU temperature,thermal resistance,and thermal entropy ***,it was reported that,except forφ=0.5%,the overall hydrothermal performance of NHS is better than that of PHS,while PHS has better second-law performance than NHS in all the studied ***,it can be concluded that the best hydrothermal performance for PHS belongs toφ=1%and V=0.5 m·s^-1,while for NHS,these values are 1%and 2 m·s^-1.

摘要：The preliminary design of a multi-barrels pellet injector with cycle refrigerator as an advanced plasma-fuelling tool for HL-2A tokamak has been proposed. The design aims at precise temperature control, easy operation with high reliability and high flexibility. GM-cycle refrigerator and pipe-gun structure have been employed to produce 25 pellets in 25 gun barrels simultaneously and the design aims. have been accomplished. Prime design principle, engineering parameters, structure and layout of the cryostat components as well as calculation of heat load for the cryostat are presented.

摘要：With the consideration of the thermal management and heat sink requirements,a cooling device is designed and the thermal resistance of this device is calculated with a single 5 W power *** thermal design of a single 5 W power LED is reasonable,effective and the result has been *** design also instruct other power LEDs' thermal *** is a reliable and effective method for the design of power LED illumination lamps and lanterns.

摘要：To solve the multi-variable and multi-objective optimization problem in the thermal design process of the dual-input aeronautic static inverter,an optimization method based on the combination of the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition(MOEA/D)and the fuzzy set theory is *** heat transfer path of the power device is analyzed and an equivalent heat circuit is *** take junction temperature of the power device,mass,and cost of the heat sink as optimization goals,and take the heat sink structure parameters as design variables to conduct thermal optimization based on MOEA/*** paper carries out a comparative study,and the results show that the proposed improved algorithm can meet the different requirements for multi-objective weights,and have good rapidity and robustness.