摘要：There is a pressing need for effective therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** process of drug development is a costly and meticulously paced process,where progress is often hindered by the failure of initially promising *** aid this chal-lenge,in vitro human microphysiological systems need to be refined and adapted for mechanistic studies and drug screening,thereby saving valuable time and resources during a pandemic *** SARS-CoV-2 virus attacks the lung,an organ where the unique three-dimensional(3D)structure of its functional units is critical for proper respiratory *** in vitro lung models essentially recapitulate the distinct tissue structure and the dynamic mechanical and biological interactions between different cell *** model systems include Transwell,organoid and organ-on-a-chip or microphysiological systems(MPSs).We review models that have direct relevance toward modeling the pathology of COVID-19,including the processes of inflammation,edema,coagulation,as well as lung immune *** also consider the practical issues that may influence the design and fabrication of *** role of lung MPS is addressed in the context of multi-organ models,and it is discussed how high-throughput screening and artificial intelligence can be integrated with lung MPS to accelerate drug development for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.

摘要：急性肺损伤（acute lung injury,ALI）/呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS）是一种常见的、破坏性极大的急性肺损伤综合征.近年来对其定义达成共识,并且在流行病学、自然史和发病机制的研究方面取得大幅度进步,设计和试验了很多新的研究方案.现对ALI/ARDS的发病机制、诊断和治疗进展阐述如下.

摘要：血管外肺水（extravascular lung water，EVLW）是指分布于肺血管外的液体（即肺内含有的水量），肺血管滤出增多（南肺毛细血管内静水压、肺间质静水压、肺毛细血管内胶体渗透压和肺间质胶体渗透压等因素引起）或液体排出减低均可使EVLW增加。