摘要：In this paper we present a strategy for tuning the crystal morphology of pharmaceutical compounds by the appropriate choice of solvent via an optimization model. A three-stage approach involving a pre-design stage, a product design stage and a post-design experimental verification stage is presented. The pre-design stage addresses the tormulation of the property constraint tor crystal morphology. This involves crystallization experiments aria development of property models and constraints for morphology. In the design stage various property requirements for the solvent along with crystal morphology are considered and the product design problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming *** design stage provides an optimal solvent/list of candidate solvents. Similar to the pre-design stage, in the post design experimental verification stage, the morphology of the crystals （precipitated from the designed solvent） is verified through crystallization experiments followed by product characterization via scanni＇ng electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction imaging and Fourier transform spectra analysis.

摘要：morphology is said to play a role in word acquisition. English psych adjectives are identified as a category of words with morphological complex gradience, which consists of free morphs, derivatives and inflections. Due to their morphological features, psych adjectives were considered the ideal candidates to test the effect of morphology on word acquisition. This study adopted a within-group research design, where a controlled productive test and a receptive knowledge test were developed and administered to English learners of an intermediate level. Results suggested that acquisition of the inflections was significantly different from that of free morphs and derivatives in the controlled productive test, but no difference was found in the receptive knowledge test. Comparisons of the two tests for the three word groups showed that the only significant difference occurred in the inflection word group. The overall results revealed that learners experienced much more difficulty in acquiring inflectional psych adjectives. In light of the dissociation of associative memory and rule memory, two possible explanations for the learning problems were offered： 1） learners failed to represent the inflections in associative memory, or 2） they have not proceduralized the morphology rules in rule memory.

摘要：In modern terminology,“organoids”refer to cells that grow in a specific three-dimensional(3D)environment in vitro,sharing similar structures with their source organs or *** themorphology or growth characteristics of organoids through a microscope is a commonly used method of organoid ***,it is difficult,time-consuming,and inaccurate to screen and analyze organoids only manually,a problem which cannot be easily solved with traditional *** intelligence(AI)technology has proven to be effective in many biological and medical research fields,especially in the analysis of single-cell or hematoxylin/eosin stained tissue *** used to analyze organoids,AI should also provide more efficient,quantitative,accurate,and fast *** this review,we will first briefly outline the application areas of organoids and then discuss the shortcomings of traditional organoid measurement and analysis ***,we will summarize the development from machine learning to deep learning and the advantages of the latter,and then describe how to utilize a convolutional neural network to solve the challenges in organoid observation and ***,we will discuss the limitations of current AI used in organoid research,as well as opportunities and future research directions.

摘要：The synthesis of inorganic materials with special morphologies with the assistance of biological molecules is a potential development in the field of controllable growth and assembly of nanomaterials. In this paper, BaF2 nanocrystals in patterns of well-defined linear and erythrocyte-shaped structure were synthesized with the assistance of Escherichia coil DNA. morphology and the arrangement of BaF2 particles on DNA were controllable by altering the reaction condition. Square nanoparticles arranged in linear chains were gained with the assistance of normal DNA; while, erythrocyte-shaped BaF2 nanospheres were synthesized with the assistance of denatured DNA. Besides, the influences of solvent, reaction temperature, concentration of reactants and the heating time on the morphology of the BaF2 particles were studied.

摘要：A novel method for testing stress–strain curves of non-metallic materials was *** high temperature stress-strain curves of MnS were preliminarily obtained and corrected to account for the influence of *** the finite element method,the influence of deformation parameters on the deformation evolution of MnS inclusions was investigated based on the experimental reference *** corresponding physical experiment was designed for comparative *** results indicate that the experimental high-temperature deformation data of MnS are highly *** the process of matrix deformation,the shapes of MnS inclusions change from spherical to ellipsoidal and even to *** are some differences in the morphological deformation of MnS inclusions located at different *** the increase in the initial size of MnS inclusions,the risk of failing the inclusion-flaw inspection increases and the forging quality further deteriorates.

摘要：相变诱发塑性(TRIP)效应通常可显著提高中锰钢的加工硬化能力,从而获得出色的强度和塑性组合.然而,变形过程中生成的新鲜马氏体极易发生氢脆,是新型高强中锰钢开发的瓶颈问题.我们在此提出了一种长带状形貌来减轻新鲜马氏体引起的氢脆.温轧制备的长带状中锰钢相比传统临界退火制备的等轴晶形貌中锰钢,不仅具有同等的高加工硬化率,而且抗氢脆性能更好.等轴晶形貌中锰钢由于缺乏有效的阻碍机制,氢裂纹一旦出现便能快速扩展.相反,对于长带状形貌中锰钢,氢裂纹会被晶界和相界所阻碍或偏转.本形貌设计可以提高其他富TRIP效应的钢和合金的抗氢脆性能.

摘要：Cobalt-based phosphate/phosphonates are a class of promising water oxidation catalysts at ***,we reported a facile hydrothermal synthesis of various nanostructured cobalt *** is found that the number of hydroxyl group of structure-directing reagent iscrucial for the construction of 3D hierarchical structures including hierarchical nanosheet flow-er-like assemblies and nanothorn *** samples were characterized by scanningelectron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,infrared,and X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy *** can act as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygenevolution reaction at neutral *** these,hierarchical cobalt phenylphosphonate nanothornflowers present excellent performance,affording a current density of 1 mA cm^-2 required a smalloverpotential of 393 *** work offers a new clue to develop high-performance metal phospho-nate/phosphate catalysts toward electrochemical water oxidation.

摘要：Electrocatalytic CO_(2) conversion has been considered as a promising way to recycle CO_(2) and produce sustainable fuels and ***,the efficient and highly selective electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) directly into multi‐carbon(C_(2+))products remains a great ***,we synthesized three type catalysts with different morphologies based on Cu_(2)O nanowires,and studied their morphology and crystal facet reconstruction during the pre‐reduction *** from abundant exposure of Cu(100)crystal facet,the nanosheet structure derived Cu catalyst showed a high faradaic efficiency(FE)of 67.5%for C_(2+)***,electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction studies were carried out on Cu(100),Cu(110),and Cu(111)single crystal electrodes,which verified that Cu(100)crystal facets are favorable for the C_(2+)products in electrocatalytic CO_(2) *** work showed that catalysts would reconstruct during the CO_(2) reduction process and the importance in morphology and crystal facet control to obtain desired products.

摘要：Nanofibers can mimic natural tissue structure by creating a more suitable environment for cells to grow,prompting a wide application of nanofiber *** this review,we include relevant studies and characterize the effect of nanofibers on mesenchymal stem cells,as well as factors that affect cell adhesion and osteogenic *** hypothesize that the process of bone regeneration in vitro is similar to bone formation and healing in vivo,and the closer nanofibers or nanofibrous scaffolds are to natural bone tissue,the better the bone regeneration process will *** general,cells cultured on nanofibers have a similar gene expression pattern and osteogenic behavior as cells induced by osteogenic supplements in *** involved in cell adhesion(focal adhesion kinase(FAK)),cytoskeletal organization,and osteogenic pathways(transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein(BMP),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and Wnt)are upregulated *** adhesion and osteogenesis may be influenced by several *** possess certain physical properties including favorable hydrophilicity,porosity,and swelling properties that promote cell adhesion and ***,nanofiber stiffness plays a vital role in cell fate,as cell recruitment for osteogenesis tends to be better on stiffer scaffolds,with associated signaling pathways of integrin and Yes-associated protein(YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif(TAZ).Also,hierarchically aligned nanofibers,as well as their combination with functional additives(growth factors,HA particles,etc.),contribute to osteogenesis and bone *** summary,previous studies have indicated that upon sensing the stiffness of the nanofibrous environment as well as its other characteristics,stem cells change their shape and tension accordingly,regulating downstream pathways followed by adhesion to nanofibers to contribute to ***,additional experiments are needed to id

摘要：According to X-ray image texture tire characteristics and abnormal distribution of the gray area, this paper studies a real-time defect detection method about the sidewall of tire. On the basis of the texture distribution characteristics of X-ray tire, we extract the cord information of the tire image by maximizing the distance of the categories after the gray value correction, then we use the morphology method and statistics method to process the image so that we can get the location and the size of impurities. We can classify the tires into different grades by the information. Compared with other methods, our method has the advantage that meets the needs of tire industry.