摘要：A method for placing oil paint in metal tubes occurred in the early 1840s, which facilitated artists taking their materials out of doors to paint nature directly. In France in the 1860s, we know of painters like Claude Monet were working on beaches and port cities to capture the effect of scenes under natural light. By 1874 the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Engravers, etc. （Impressionists） offered their first public exhibition to much criticism. A common complaint of the new work was that it lacked finish to be considered as a completed work for sale. It is the view of this paper that outdoor, or plein air painting, developed because of the circumstances this type of work developed in the artist naturally. I focus on two areas that outdoor painting forced the artist to consider： incidents and accidents. The incidents refer to the varied weather the painter had to deal with and the accidents identify the intuitive methods the plein air painters fell practice to when confronted by difficult passages or situations in nature. These experiences would shift the focus of the Impressionists from recording nature in a naturalistic way to self-expression, which would become a key idea in early modem painting. The finish the detractors of Impressionism called for would be replaced by an appreciation for the personal in painting as exacting images of landscape became predictable and lacked the vitality of the intuitive picture that could offer something new to art.

摘要：9月3日,凭借《我的美国梦（My American Dream）》2014秋冬女装系列时装秀而惊艳全场的设计师Philipp plein正逐步扩张美国市场,以此实现心中的愿景。从2013年底紧邻纽约中央公园的奢华跃层PHILIPP plein展示厅的盛大揭幕,到首家迈阿密PHILIPP plein旗舰店落户。2014年,PHILIPP plein品牌延续了市场扩张的基调,将于9月登陆闻名遐迩的纽约麦迪逊大道揭幕售价纽约精品店。

摘要：In Early 20th century,Canadian landscape painting had its roots in European art,especially in impressionism and subsequent *** Claude Monet took to working in a series to capture changing light,he sought to simplify his subject;the painter would focus on a motif:a passage of river,a tree,or a building *** editing out of landscape information led to a more abstract work where one might focus on the color or brushwork in the *** method led to a release from the task of measuring for accuracy for the *** became sensory and not imitative where one was free to enjoy pure painting that spoke directly to a sensation or a delight in an unsuspected *** the end of the 19th century,Art Nouveau designs were printed in international journals,like The Studio and were studied in commercial design shops,like Grip Ltd.,*** nucleus of Canada’s leading painting group―the Group of Seven,was formed out of commercial art and,to some extent,designs one could see reproduced in *** Thomson took these motifs;these abstracted forms and envisioned them in the landscape of Ontario through his plein air *** Harris stylized trees and mountain forms into abstractions of pure delight and *** set his hills in the landscapes of rural Quebec where repeating rhythms trumped topography *** paper will highlight these Canadian painters as they introduced the motif that moved landscape painting to decoration of the most satisfying kind.