摘要：This paper proposes the notion of cross-cultural communication translatology,discusses its theories and principles,and explores its *** points out that cross-cultural communication translatology is a multi-disciplinary and multi-field research,which draws ideas from a number of relevant academic disciplines and fields in its theoretical development and practical operations.

摘要：Farabi defines ＂Ilm al-Hiyal＂ （mechanic） in Ihsa al-Ulum as ＂knowing a way by which, human can adjust all of the concepts that have been proved in mathematics with verification to exotic objects, and helps their states in exotic objects to be carried＂. He believes this will be recognized and be attained by craft （sana＇at, art）. This was the common view in Islamic wisdom and philosophy in third and fourth Hijra centuries （9 ＆ 10 CE）. Researchers believe that the unique emphasis on parallelism between theoretical science and practical work is an important feature of Baghdad school and affected Islamic visual culture. Baghdad school had been affected by translation. In this way, Ikhwan-al-Safa, whom wrote the first encyclopedia of science in Islamic culture, had a very efficient role. They devised geometry into intellectual and sensual ones in the second part of their book, al-Rasa-el, and considered intellectual geometry as one of the middle philosophy and recognition and understanding factor for meaning of sensual geometry evidences. They insisted on basic situation of intellectual geometry in guidance of whom, want to learn intellectual things from sensual ones. They knew intellectual geometry as the factor for requiring skill in scientific crafts （sana＇at）, and sensual geometry as the factor of practical crafts, and made a vast relation between them. They also defined end of intellectual geometry understanding the base of all sciences and the main factor of wise, essence of self （nafs）. Important feature of Ikhwan-al-Safa＇s wisdom is omitting the gap between theory and practice, making a vast relation between them, which affected the meaning of crafts in Islamic culture, and rendered a spiritual feature to crafts and arts. It seems this relation has created the concept of traditional arts, and integrating wisdom and crafts in Iranian-Islamic culture constructed all of the Fotowat-Nam e （book of Chivalry）. This article reviews the concept, which affiliates theory an

摘要：The main technical problems that should be considered in the design of hydro-turbine generating units of Three Gorges Project (TGP) are analyzed;the key technical researches performed are summarized,and the parameters of hydro-turbine generating units are optimized through the study on key technical *** unit operation indicates that the performance of the hydro-turbine generating units is excellent,and the units can operate in a safe,stable and highly efficient mode for a long ***,it is verified effectively that the general technical design of units is scientific and rational.

摘要：The purpose of this research was to improve nursing professionals’ understanding of the important link to safe, competent, and ethical practices that Nursing practice Standards (NPS) serve. This research on NPS may improve the scope and comprehensiveness by which the Standards are integrated with clinical, educational, administrative, and research-based nursing practices. This research was unique in that it includes nurses in developing NPS. The method by which this study was done involved sixteen practicing nurses and seven instructional design experts from Alberta, Canada participating in designing, developing, and evaluating a NPS module. Nursing practice standards are a vital aspect of performing safe, efficient and effective patient care. The manner in which Nursing Standard practices are presented and taught will directly influence a nurse’s ability to understand the value of NPS and successfully incorporate NPS into practice.

摘要：Photography teaching is different from general culture *** are obvious differences in teaching methods and teachers' teaching *** this end,photography teaching should be innovative,really interested in students,love the photography course,and put photography knowledge into *** present,some photography teachers have some problems in the way of explai-ning photography knowledge,which makes it difficult for students to really grasp the practical knowledge of photography,and is not conducive to arousing students' interest in learning. The reason is that photography teachers do not attach importance to practical teaching.

摘要：The dam of Three Gorges Project is characterized by large flood discharge capacity,more outlets,complicated flood discharge and energy dissipation structure,and the stability of the bank powerhouse dam foundation is endangered by large gentle-dip structural plane of the bedrock due to the deep excavation of powerhouse at the *** the dam body concrete,the durability requirement is high and the temperature control and crack prevention are *** practical experience which could be used for reference in the design and construction of asphalt concrete core wall for Maopingxi protective earth-rock dam is *** power station operates with high water head and large head *** type selection of penstock and intake as well as the embedding way of spiral case are complicated in technique,and the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling of underground power plant is arranged instead of traditional tailrace surge *** the double-line five-step ship-lock,the design of fully lined ship-lock,high head delivery system and large-sized miter gates and hoists is very challenging due to high operation head,complicated delivery conditions and building in deep excavated *** preferred solutions,optimal schemes and technical measures for various structures,as well as the innovation achievements proved by practice are highlighted.

摘要：Background: The promotion of family nursing by public health nurses (PHN) presupposes an accurate assessment of the family nursing support they already provide. However, as there is no assessment tool for this purpose, this study aimed to develop a scale to assess family nursing currently provided by PHN. Methods: We developed the Family Nursing practice Scale (FNPS) for PHN based on the results of a previous study. The content validity of the FNPS was established through discussion with three other researchers. A pilot study was conducted to confirm face validity. To confirm reliability and validity, an anonymous, self-reported questionnaire was sent to PHN working in municipal offices. The statistical analyses included the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Barlett’s Test of Sphericity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach’s alpha, correlation coefficient and t-test. Results: Seven hundred fifty-four PHN participated in this study. Cronbach’s alpha of FNPS was 0.94. The KMO measure was 0.948, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was p < 0.01. Two factors together accounted for 63.2% of the variance in EFA. No items were excluded because of low loadings. Construct validity was confirmed through comparison with categories from a previous study. The correlation coefficient of FNPS and selected items of the practice of Breastfeeding Support Scale was r = 0.56 (p < 0.01). The result of the t-test showed that the FNPS score of PNH who had received training in family nursing was significantly higher than that of PHN who had not (t = -2.0;p < 0.05). Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the FNPS were confirmed. The FNPS comprised 15 items and two factors. The score for “Active support for the family” was lower than “Support given with awareness of the family’s situation.” The findings of this study strongly suggested that the FNPS would be effective in clarifying the current state of family nursing provided by PHN and factors related to this activity and thus greatly ass

摘要：设计 practice阶段活动的关键是要有“信息差”,practice这一教学环节 ,通过两者如两人小组练习 ,小组活动 ,角色扮演等不同的操作方式 ,为学生提供了自由运用语言的机会 ,有助于实现以学生为中心 ,以交际为目的的课堂教学 。

摘要：一、内容分析本课时教学内容为Learn to Say、Match and Say和Let’s Sing三部分。Learn to Say板块以地图的形式呈现有关地点或建筑物的词汇,借助Mocky根据地图帮助Bobby寻找场所的情境,重点呈现询问地点及说明其相应位置的功能句型。Match and Say板块复现第一课时中故事的5幅图片,学生需要认读语句、观察图片、补全人物对话。同时,在情境中初步应用问路、指路的核心语言。

摘要：The evaluation of marine function zoning （hereinafter referred to as MFZ） is an important part of MFZ. This paper studies the principles of MFZ evaluation and the evaluation procedures. It is proposed that three main aspects, including the evaluation of MFZ implementation situation, the evaluation of the performance effects and the evaluation of the changes of dependent conditions, are the top priorities in establishing an evaluation indicator system framework. The evaluation of MFZ implementation situation includes assessing the general situation of MFZ and the degree of implementation and public participation. The evaluation of the performance effects involves the assessments of the achievements and the existing problems in the rectification and standardization of utilizing the sea areas, protecting marine resources and environment, and promoting marine economic development. The evaluation of the changes of dependent conditions includes the assessments and measurements of the changes in the social and economic conditions, the use demands of marine industries, marine resource conditions and marine environmental conditions. This paper provides the means of integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches into the scientific and systematic evaluation on MFZ. The evaluation results can determine whether MFZ needs to be altered or not. The results also provide an important reference basis for determining whether a slight or great alteration is justified. To illustrate the utility of the MFZ evaluation indicator system, an evaluation example is given. Further studies are needed to make the evaluation of MFZ more scientific, reasonable, fair and effective.