摘要：This study discusses the contents and methods of the implementation of Hakka policies during Shui-Bian Chen’s term as president from the viewpoint of redistribution and recognition proposed by Nancy Fraser, and finds that the Hakka people mostly feel inferior and are not willing to identify themselves as Hakkas. The issue of “‘who’ are Hakka people” thus emerged during the implementation of the Hakka policies.

摘要：Objectives: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with lipodystrophy in children. We evaluated changes in various anthropometric measurements for the assessment of lipodystrophy and assessed whether there was an association with use of protease inhibitors (PI), non-PI containing ART and/or stavudine (d4T). Methods: Eighty-five HIV-infected children attending the HIV clinic at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) were included. The average follow-up was 8.4 months (range 3 - 12 months). Body fat redistribution was assessed by anthropometric measurements including skinfold thickness and circumferences of upper and lower limbs. Measurements were converted to age- and sex-adjusted z-scores through development stages including puberty. Results: Sixty children had taken ART;37 received PI-containing;38 received d4T;25 had never been treated. In the studied population, clinically important changes with decreases in biceps (BSF), subscapular skinfolds and total body fat (4SFT) over period of 12 months were observed. Some increase was noticed in triceps skinfolds (TSF). Limbs circumferences remained at the same level. Further we looked at 4 months basis changes in anthropometric measurements stratified by baseline ART. Generally z-scores of anthropometric measurements were lower in therapy naive children when compared to ART groups. PI-based ART regimens resulted in significant increases in BSF with a trend towards increases in TSF, suprailiac and 4SFT. Mid-arm and thigh circumferences were higher in PI compared to naive group. Similarly, significant changes in BSF z-scores were associated with d4T use. Increases were seen in TSF and mid-arm circumference and decreases were observed in subscapular skinfolds and calf circumference z-scores. Conclusions: Body fat redistribution in HIV-infected children with sub-clinical lipodystrophy could be detected by anthropometric measurements, particularly when PI or d4T is included in ART. Over time, changes with increase in a

摘要：The social programs represent the redistribution of revenues collected from taxpayers toward persons considered to be in need according to the public policies. Therefore, the govemment-financed welfare program is often looked as a type of a safety net of the state itself by groups of persons having certain features which are detected according to a selection process. The state should grant the ultimate successive safety net to persons in whose cases the previous safety nets would have failed. The beneficiaries are persons selected by different decision-makers who are aware of the actual status of that person. The individual who actually grants the access to the social program does not have all the necessary data. In this context, is the redistribution system effective？ The study aims to determine an equilibrium in social assistance and effective methods for providing social benefits. The study has proposed to build a model using the concept of labelling. The quantitative model hereby proposed represents a possibility to design social programs in circumstances of asymmetric information. Therefore, it reveals the sensitivity of the social programs toward social controls or penalties, and it has a stabilizing effect on the economic crisis. The study proposes the use of an expert system （SE） in redistributing incomes in social assistance and concrete ways of state intervention.