摘要：Solution and quenching heat treatments are generally carried out in a roller hearth furnace for large-scale thick aluminum alloy ***,the asymmetric or uneven spray water flow rate is inevitable under industrial production conditions,which leads to an asymmetric residual stress *** spray quenching treatment was conducted on self-designed spray equipment,and the residual stress along the thickness direction was measured by a layer removal method based on *** the asymmetric spray quenching condition,the subsurface stress of the high-flow rate surface was lower than that of the low-flow rate surface,and the difference between the two subsurface stresses increased with the increase in the difference in water flow *** subsurface stress underneath the surface with a water flow rate of 0.60 m^(3)/h was 15.38 MPa less than that of 0.15 m^(3)/*** simulated residual stress by finite element(FE)method of the high heat transfer coefficient(HTC)surface was less than that of the low HTC surface,which is consistent with the experimental *** FE model can be used to analyze the strain and stress evolution and predict the quenched stress magnitude and distribution.

摘要：The pressure to reduce solar energy costs encourages efforts to reduce the thickness of silicon wafers. Thus, the cell bowing problem associated with the use of thin wafers has become increasingly important, as it can lead to the cracking of cells and thus to high yield losses. In this paper, a systematic .approach for simulating the cell bowing induced by the firing process is presented. This approach consists of three processes： （1） the material properties are determined using a nanoidentation test; （2） the thicknesses of aluminum （AI） paste and silver （Ag） busbars and fingers are measured using scanning electron microscopy; （3） non-linear finite element analysis （FEA） is used for simulating the cell bowing induced by the firing process. As a result, the bowing obtained using FEA simulation agrees better with the experimental data than that using the bowing calculations suggested in literature. In addition, the total in-plane residual stress state in the wafer/cell due to the firing process can be determined using the FEA simulation. A detailed analysis of the firing-induced stress state in single crystalline silicon （sc-Si）, cast, and edge-defined film-fed growth （EFG） multi-crystalline silicon wafers of different thicknesses is presented. Based on this analysis, a simple residual stress calculation is developed to estimate the maximum in-plane principal stress in the wafers. It is also proposed that the metallization pattern, Ag busbars and fingers screen printed on the front of a solar cell, can be designed using this approach. A practical case ofa 3-busbar Si solar cell is presented.

摘要：A three-dimensional finite element approach based on ABAQUS code was developed to investigate the effect of welding sequence on welding residual stress distribution in a thin-walled 6061 aluminum alloy structure. To obtain sound numerical results, the therrno-mechanical behaviour was simulated using a direct-coupled formulation. Nine different simulation sequences were carried out by single-pass TIG welding of an octagonal pipe-plate joint, and the distributions of longitudinal and transverse residual stresses both on the outer and inner surfaces of the pipe were analyzed. The results suggest that the final residual stresses in the weld and its vicinity are not affected by the initial residual stresses of the structure. Selecting a suitable welding sequence can reduce the final residual stress in an octagonal pipe-plate joint.

摘要：Compaction process simulation and residual stress prediction of green PM compact were carried out with elasto-plastic 3D FEA based on the modified Drueker-Prager Cap model in Abaqus. The model parameters of the investigated powder Distaloy AE were determined as functions of relative density through typical mechanical property tests of powder. The model was implemented as a user subroutine USDFLD. Single sided compaction of a d20 ram^5 mm disk green compact of Distaloy AE was simulated, and the residual stress of the disk after ejection was predicted with FEA. The FEA results of the compaction process and the residual stress of the disk show good agreement with compaction experiments and X-ray diffraction measurements, which validates the model and its parameters. The results indicate that the compressive residual stresses exist mainly in a thin layer on the side surface, but the residual stresses are very small on the top and bottom surfaces.

摘要：In this work,the nickel-based powder metallurgy superalloy FGH95 was selected as experimental material,and the experimental parameters in multiple overlap laser shock processing(LSP)treatment were selected based on orthogonal experimental *** experimental data of residual stress and microhardness were measured in the same *** residual stress and microhardness laws were investigated and *** neural network(ANN)with four layers(4-N-(N-1)-2)was applied to predict the residual stress and microhardness of FGH95 subjected to multiple overlap *** experimental data were divided as training-testing sets in *** energy,overlap rate,shocked times and depth were set as inputs,while residual stress and microhardness were set as *** prediction performances with different network configuration of developed ANN models were compared and *** developed ANN model with network configuration of 4-7-6-2 showed the best predict *** predicted values showed a good agreement with the experimental *** addition,the correlation coefficients among all the parameters and the effect of LSP parameters on materials response were *** can be concluded that ANN is a useful method to predict residual stress and microhardness of material subjected to LSP when with limited experimental data.

摘要：Distribution and history of residual stress in plaque-like geometry are simulated based on linear thermoviscoelastic model, to explore the mechanics and evolution of residual stress in injection molding process. Results show that the residual stress distribution through thickness is almost the same along flowpath and the stress value near the end is a litter higher than that near the gate.

摘要：Fatigue crack propagation characteristics of a diesel engine crankshaft are studied by measuring the fatigue crack growth rate using a frequency sweep method on a resonant fatigue test rig. Based on the phenomenon that the system frequency will change when the crack becomes large, this method can be directly applied to a complex component or structure. Finite element analyses （FEAs） are performed to calibrate the relation between the frequency change and the crack size, and to obtain the natural frequency of the test rig and the stress intensity factor （SIF） of growing cracks. The crack growth rate i.e. da/dN-AK of each crack size is obtained by combining the testing-time monitored data and FEA results. The results show that the crack growth rate of engine crankshaft, which is a component with complex geometry and special surface treatment, is quite different from that of a pure material. There is an apparent turning point in the Paris＇s crack partition. The cause of the fatigue crack growth is also discussed.

摘要：The micro-cracking behaviors of two high-entropy alloys(HEAs) of the FeMnCoCrNi family prepared by selective laser melting were systematically studied. residual stresses were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique. Results show that the equiatomic FeMnCoCrNi HEAs with a relatively stable single-phase face-centered cubic(FCC) structure suffered from micro-cracking with residual tensile stress after laser melting. In contrast, the metastable non-equiatomic Fe MnCoCr HEAs with reduced stacking fault energy are free of micro-cracks with residual compressive stress at various volumetric energy densities(VEDs). The displacive transformation from the FCC matrix to the hexagonal close-packed(HCP) phase during cooling prevents the micro-cracking via consuming thermal stress related internal energy. Further, the displacive transformation during tensile deformation contributes to the higher strength and ductility of the metastable dual-phase HEA compared to that of the stable single-phase HEA. These findings provide useful guidance for the design of strong, ductile, and crack-free alloys for additive manufacturing by tuning phase stability.