摘要：Cocrystal has been discovered and studied for more than 170 years since 1844, while the applications to optoelectronics only begin in the last decade. Several general questions that chemists and materials scientists currently seek to answer are: can we design and control the molecular self-assembly and cocrystal growth, what’s the packing-property correlations, as well as how can we improve device parameters for real applications in industry. In this contribution, we review our and other groups’ recent advances in the cocrystal research field sequentially including:(1) nucleation and growth mechanisms for selective preparation of cocrystals with different donor/acceptor ratio and morphology;(2) charge transport and electronic devices, particularly field-effect transistor(FET) and photo-response device. We discuss the in-situ single crystal device fabrication method, ambipolar charge transport, and molecular packingcharge separation correlation;(3) photonic and optical property, focusing on optical waveguide, photonic logic computation, and nonlinear optics(NLO). We present unusual optical properties revealed by advanced instruments and general structure-function relations for future study. Importantly, the extensive investigations described herein yield in-depth and detailed understandings of molecular cocrystals,and show that such bi-component material systems together with the developed instrument measurement methodologies have the potential to initiate unconventional electronic and photonic science and technology.

摘要：Pt based materials are the most efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)in fuel *** the utilization of Pt based materials by modulating their morphologies to expose more active sites is a fundamental objective for the practical application of fuel ***,we report a new class of hierarchically skeletal Pt-Ni nanocrystals(HSNs)with a multi-layered structure,prepared by an inorganic acid-induced solvothermal *** addition of H_(2)SO_(4)to the synthetic protocol provides a critical trigger for the successful growth of Pt-Ni nanocrystals with the desired *** Pt-Ni HSNs synthesized by this method exhibit enhanced mass activity of 1.25 A mgpt−1 at 0.9 V(versus the reversible hydrogen electrode)towards ORR in 0.1-M HClO_(4),which is superior to that of Pt-Ni multi-branched nanocrystals obtained by the same method in the absence of inorganic acid;it is additionally 8.9-fold higher than that of the commercial Pt/C ***,it displays enhanced stability,with only 21.6%mass activity loss after 10,000 cycles(0.6–1.0 V)for ***,the Pt-Ni HSNs show enhanced activity and anti-toxic ability in CO for *** superb activity of the Pt-Ni HSNs for ORR and MOR is fully attributed to an extensively exposed electrochemical surface area and high intrinsic activity,induced by strain effects,provided by the unique hierarchically skeletal alloy *** novel open and hierarchical structure of Pt-Ni alloy provides a promising approach for significant improvements of the activity of Pt based alloy electrocatalysts.

摘要：Nature has created innumerable life forms with miraculous hierarchical structures and morphologies that are optimized for different life events through evolution over billions of *** cubic structures,which are often described by triply periodic minimal surfaces(TPMSs)and their constant mean curvature(CMC)/parallel surface companions,are of special interest to various research fields because of their complex form with unique physical *** has prompted the scientific community to fully understand the formation,structure,and properties of these *** this review,we summarize and discuss the formation mechanism and relationships of the relevant biological structures and the artificial self-assembly *** structures can be formed through biological processes with amazing regulation across a great length scales;nevertheless,artificial construction normally produces the structure corresponding to the molecular size and ***,the block copolymeric system is considered to be an applicable and attractive model system for the study of biological systems due to their versatile design and rich phase *** of the phenomena found in these two systems are compared and discussed,and this information may provide new ideas for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between molecular shape and resulting interface curvature and the selfassembly process in living *** argue that the copolymeric system may serve as a model to understand these biological systems and could encourage additional studies of artificial self-assembly and the creation of new functional materials.

摘要：Cell spheroids are markedly more representative of the native tissue and the in vivo environment than traditional two-dimensional(2D)cultured cells,thus offering tremendous potential in cell biology research,tissue engineering,and drug ***,it is crucial to develop materials and methods for efficient production of cell ***,currently developed materials,including natural and synthetic hydrogels,present drawbacks,such as undefined ingredients and imperfect biocompatibility,which hinder their widespread *** this study,we have rationally designed biotinylated peptides that can self-assemble into supramolecular hydrogels(termed SupraGel)for 3D cell *** introduction of one D-amino acid in the peptide may decrease cell-matrix interactions,thus facilitating spontaneous cell spheroid *** cancer cell lines,MCF-7 and 4T1,and intestinal stem cells(ISCs)can efficiently divide into cell spheroids when cultured in *** reversible shear-thinning and recovery behavior of SupraGel is highly suitable for live-cell embedding and cell spheroid *** mechanical properties of SupraGel can be easily tuned by adjusting the peptide concentration,thus enabling its suitability for the 3D culture of diverse cell *** envision the significant potential of our SupraGel for applications in cell therapy,regenerative medicine,and drug screening.

摘要：The self-assembled phospholipid-or cytosolassociated multienzyme complexes constitute necessary components of the foundation of *** a proof of concept,metalcoordinated supramolecular nanogels (MCSGs) have been designed,with the self-assembly of di-lysine coordinated iron(Fe(Lys)_(2))-functionalized peptide gelators on the interface by an in situ amidation-induced protonation *** monoatomic and highly dispersed active centers of Fe(Lys)_(2) offered the nanogel mimics with excellent reaction rates due to the high density and nano compartmental structure similar to the natural matrix-associated multienzyme ***_(2)@MCSGs show both superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and peroxidase (POD) activity,and the higher activities compared with the activity of free Fe(Lys);molecules can be *** loading the substrate 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS),SiO_(2)@MCSGs;can responsively convert O^(-)_(2) in the tumor microenvironment into H_(2)O_(2) intermediates and then tandem catalyze the oxidization of ABTS for contrast photoacoustic (PA) imaging of tumor by the SOD-POD mimic activity,showing their great potential as the efficient enzymatic agents for pathological theranostics.

摘要：Peptoids(or poly-N-substituted glycines)are a promising class of bioinspired sequence-defined polymers due to their highly efficient synthesis,high chemical stability,enzyme hydrolysis resistance,and *** tuning the side chain chemistry of peptoids,it allows for precise control over sequences and achieving a large side-chain *** to these unique features,in the last several years,many amphiphilic peptoids were designed as highly tunable building blocks for the preparation of biomimetic nanomaterials with well-defined hierarchical structures and desired ***,we provide an overview of the recent achievements in this area by dividing them into the following three ***,mica-and silica-templated peptoid selfassembly are *** presence of inorganic substrates provides the guarantee of investigating their selfassembly mechanisms and interactions between peptoids and substrates using nanoscale characterization techniques,particularly in situ atomic force microscopy(AFM)and AFMbased dynamic force spectroscopy(AFM-DFS).Second,solution-phase self-assembly of peptoids into nanotubes and nanosheets is presented,as well as their self-repair ***,the applications of peptoid-based nanomaterials are outlined,including the construction of catalytic nanomaterials as a template and cytosolic delivery as cargoes.

摘要：The design and preparation of non-precious metal and carbon-based nanocomposites are critical to the development of efficient catalysts for technologies ranging from water splitting to fuel cell. Here, we present a constrained-volume self-assembly process for the one-step continuous precipitation-induced formation of soft colloidal particles, in which hydrophobic organoferrous compound,（Ph3P）2Fe（CO）3, is encapsulated within poly（styrene-co-acrylonitrile） nanoparticles（NPs）. The protective and confining polymer matrix ensures uniform carbonization and dispersion of（Ph3P）2Fe（CO）3 within a carbon matrix after a pyrolysis process. The obtained carbon NPs are successfully co-doped with Fe, P and N with a relatively high surface area of-380 m^2 g^（-1）. The Fe-P-N-doped carbon catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance and stability toward oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes via a favorable four-electron pathway. Meanwhile, the catalytic capability of Fe-P-N-doped carbon can be tailored by the tunable nanostructures.

摘要：Most biological photoredox reactions occur in sophisticated molecular assemblies consisting of highly organized light-harvesting moieties and catalytic *** these prototypes by creating supramolecular assemblies could be a potentially viable approach toward artificial *** self-assembled organic materials are known to carry out water splitting reactions,developing self-assembled organic materials for photocatalytic overall water splitting still remains a critical ***,we first demonstrate that crystalline organic nanosheets assembled from linear oligo(phenylene butadiynylene)(OPB)are able to catalyze overall water splitting under visible light *** investigations reveal that the photocatalytic activity of self-assembled organic structures is closely related to the crystalline structure along with the corresponding electronic *** disorders in OPB nanosheets and extrinsic factors such as adsorbed water molecules will induce the formation of electron traps which can make the OPB nanosheets thermodynamically unfavorable for photocatalytic overall water *** deactivation mechanism unveiled in this study provides crucial insights into the assembling of artificial organic materials for future solar-to-chemical energy conversion.

摘要：In order to contribute to the development of minimally invasive surgery techniques for autologous chondrocyte implantation, a novel self-assembling biomaterial consisting of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted hyaluronan (PNIPAAm-g-HA) has been synthesized as an injectable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and cytocompatibility of PNIPAAm-g-HA to normal chondrocytes by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and histochemical staining in preliminary in vitro and in vitro experiments. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed homogeneous distribution of cells in the PNIPAAm-g-HA hydrogel in 3-dimensional in vitro cultivation. Alcian blue staining also indicated that abundant extracellular matrix formation, including acidic glycosaminoglycans, occurred in tissue-engineered cartilage over time in vitro. Cartilage-related gene expression patterns, which were tested in rabbit normal chondrocytes embedded in the hydrogel, were almost maintained for 4 weeks. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation enhanced the expression of SRY-related HMG box-containing gene 9 (Sox9) and type X collagen genes suggesting promotion of chondrogenic differentiation. Histochemical evaluation showed neocartilage formation following subcutaneous implantation of the chondrocyte-gel mixture in nude mice. Furthermore, TGF-β1 stimulation promoted production and maturation of the extracellular matrix of the in situ tissue engineered hyaline cartilage. These data suggested that PNIPAAm-g-HA could be a promising biomaterial, i.e., a self-assembling and injectable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.