摘要：Constructing bismuth oxyhalide solid solutions with a single homogeneous phase have intrigued the research community;however,a deeper understanding of the intrinsic origin for improved bulk-charge separation is still ***,a series of Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(x)Br_(10-x) solid solutions with the same structural characteristics were synthesized by crystal structure *** density functional theory calculation,Kelvin probe force microscopy,and zeta potential testing results,an enhanced internal electric field(IEF)intensity between[Bi_(24)O_(31)]and[X]layers was achieved by changing halogen types and *** greatly facilitated bulk-charge separation and transfer efficiency,which is significant for the degradation of phenolic organic *** to the enhanced IEF intensity,the charge carrier density of Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(4)Br_(6) was 33.1 and 4.7 times stronger than that of Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10) and Bi_(24)O_(31)Br_(10),***,Bi24O31Cl4Br6 had an optimal photoactivity for the degradation of bisphenol A,which was 6.21 and 2.71 times higher than those of Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10) and Bi_(24)O_(31)Br_(10),***,this study revealed the intrinsic mechanism of the solid solution strategy for photocatalytic performance enhancement with respect to an IEF.

摘要：The development of low-cost,highly active platinum(Pt)-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for widespread applications of fuel *** effective approach lies in alloying Pt with non-noble transition metals to modulate the physicochemical state of the Pt ***,fundamental challenges remain in understanding the structure-performance relationship due to the complexity of composition,crystal type,and surface structure during the alloying *** this study,we synthesized a series of PtCo bimetallic solid solutions with varying ratios using a liquid-phase synthesis *** exploiting the characteristics of solid solutions,the resulting PtCo bimetallic alloy maintains the face-centered cubic crystal structure of pure platinum,minimizing the complexities introduced during alloying and facilitating mechanism ***,under controlled alloy composition and crystal structure,we investigated the dependence of the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction on the surface strain of the platinum *** S-PtCo-SNPs cathode designed accordingly endows both proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)(2.08 W cm^(−2) at 4 A cm^(−2))and Zn-air battery(ZAB)(143.1 mW cm^(−2) at 214.5 mA cm^(−2))with outstanding performance.

摘要：Band engineering based on the construction of solid solutions is an effective approach to enhance the efficiency of semiconductor photocatalysts, via which the balance between light absorption and driving force can be well achieved by continuously tuning the band structure. Here the ZnS1–xSex nanobelt solid solutions have been prepared via thermal treatment of ZnS1–xSex(en)0.5 precursors. The compositions are adjusted by changing the mole ratio of Se to S powder in the starting materials, resulting in continuously modulating the alignment of energy levels of the obtained solid solutions. The band structure is also studied via theoretical calculation. Accordingly, the light harvesting can be tuned too, as confirmed by the UV-vis absorption spectra. XPS valence spectra are used to determine the valence band maximum. Transient photoluminescence spectra are employed to study the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. BET specific surface area and CO2 adsorption isotherms of different catalysts are measured. The obtained ZnS1–xSex nanobelts exhibit different photocatalytic activity for solar-fuel production, dependent on many factors like the light harvesting and alignment of energy levels. The related mechanism is studied in detail.

摘要：Each conventional alloy has its own specific compositions but the compositional origin is largely unknown due to our insufficient understanding about chemical shortrange ordering in the alloy,in particular,in the solid-solution *** the present paper,the compositions of metallic alloys are discussed and formulated,by unveiling the basic moleculelike structural units in solid *** oscillation theory,which describes the partial charge screening behavior in solid solutions,and henceforth the origin of short-range ordering,is applied to pin down the ideal chemical compositions of conventional metallic *** propose that,at a specific composition,atoms self-assemble into an ideally ordered structure consisting of atoms residing in the nearestneighbor shell(denoted as cluster)plus those in the next outer shell(denoted as glue atoms),which can be formulated as[cluster](glue atoms).This simplified version of short-rangeorder structure represents the smallest charge-neutral and mean-density zone(termed as“chemical units”)and can be regarded as the‘molecules’of solid ***,the chemical units and the corresponding molecule-like formulas for face-centered-cubic(FCC),hexagonal close-packed(HCP),and body-centered cubic(BCC)structures are analyzed and equations are obtained to identify the chemical formulas for FCC solid *** instance,well-knownα-brass Cu-30 Zn alloy is formulated as[Zn-Cu_(12)]*** of aluminum alloys,superalloys and stainless steels are also illustrated,demonstrating the versatility of the present model to interpret chemically complex alloys.