摘要：A design approach for optical interconnect system and beam splitting composed of a phase-only diffractive optical element is *** diffractive optical element is of 16 phase levels,so its efficiency may reach very *** examples of interconnect and beam splitting patterns are carried out with this design approach and the satisfactory results are given.

摘要：Solar energy has promising potential for building sustainable *** of solar energy into solar fuels plays a crucial role in overcoming the intennittent nature of the renewable energy source.A pliotoclectrochernical (PEC) cell that employs semiconductor as photoelectrode to split water into hydrogen or fixing carbon dioxide (CO2) into hydrocarbon fuels provides great potential to achieve zcrocarbon-oiiiission society.A proper design of those semiconductor photoelectrodes thus directly influences the performance of the PEC *** this review,we investigate the strategics that have been put towards the design of efficiont photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting and CO2 reduction in recent years and provide sonic future design directions toward noxt-goneration FEC cells for water splitting and CO2 reduction.

摘要：Let （v, u × c,λ）-splitting BIBD denote a （v, u × c,λ）-splitting balanced incomplete block design of order v with block size u × c and index A. The necessary conditions for the existence of a （v, u × c,λ）-splitting BIBD are v ≥ uc, λ（v- 1） -- 0 0 mod （c（u- 1）） and Av（v- 1） - 0 mod （c^2u（u- 1））. In this paper, for 2 ≤λ≤ 9 the necessary conditions for the existence of a （v, 3 × 3, λ）-splitting BIBD are also sufficient with one possible exception for （v, λ） = （39, 9）.

摘要：We developed and demonstrated a ZnO/ZnS/Au composite photoanode with significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance, con- taining a ZnS interlayer and Au nanoparticles. The solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of this ZnO/ZnS/Au heterostructure reached 0.21%, 3.5 times that of pristine ZnO. The comparison of the incident photon-to-current efficiency （IPCE） and the photoresponse in the white and visible light regions further verified that the enhancement resulted from contributions of both UV and visible light. The modification of the Au NPs was shown to improve the photoelectrochemical （PEC） performance to both UV and visible light, as modification encouraged effective surface passivation and surface-plasmon- resonance effects. The ZnS interlayer favored the movement of photogenerated electrons under UV light and hot electrons under visible light, causing their injection into ZnO; this simultaneously suppressed the electron-hole recombination at the photoanode-electrolyte interface. The optimized design of the interlayer within plasmonic metal/semiconductor composite systems, as reported here, provided a facile and compatible photoelectrode configuration, enhancing the utilization efficiency of incident light for photoelectrochemical applications.

摘要：Regulating chemical bonds to balance the adsorption and disassociation of water molecules on catalyst surfaces is crucial for overall water splitting in alkaline *** we report a facile strategy for designing Ni2W4C-W3C Janus structures with abundant Ni-W metallic bonds on surfaces through interfacial *** Ni atoms into the W3C crystals in reaction progress generates a new Ni2 W4C phase,making the inert W atoms in W3C be active sites in Ni2W4C for overall water *** Ni2W4CW3C/carbon nanofibers(Ni2 W4-W3C/CNFs)require overpotentials of 63 mV to reach 10 mA cm^-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and 270 mV to reach 30 mA cm^-2 for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline electrolyte,*** utilized as both cathode and anode in alkaline solution for overall water splitting,cell voltages of 1.55 and 1.87 V are needed to reach 10 and 100 mA cm^-2,*** functional theory(DFT)results indicate that the strong interactions between Ni and W increase the local electronic states of W *** Ni2W4C provides active sites for cleaving H-OH bonds,and the W3C facilitates the combination of Hads intermediates into H2 *** in situ electrochemical-Raman results demonstrate that the strong absorption ability for hydroxyl and water molecules and further demonstrate that W atoms are the real active sites.

摘要：Rational design and controllable synthesis of efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation is of significant importance for the development of promising energy conversion systems, in particular integrated photoelectrochemical water splitting devices. Cobalt oxide(Co3O4) nanostructures with mixed valences(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)have been regarded as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER). They are able to promote catalytic support of OER but with only modest activity. Here, we demonstrate that the OER performance of cubic Co3O4 electrocatalyst is obviously improved when they are anchored on delaminated two-dimensional(2D) Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets. Upon activation the overpotential of the hybrid catalyst delivers 300 m V at a current density of 10 m A cm(2) in basic solutions, which is remarkably lower than those of Ti3C2 MXene and Co3O4 nanocubes. The strong interfacial electrostatic interactions between two components contribute to the exceptional catalytic performance and stability. The enhanced OER activity and facile synthesis make these Co3O4 nanocubes-decorated ultrathin 2D Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets useful for constructing efficient and stable electrodes for high-performance electrochemical water splitting.