摘要：The Rosoideae is a subfamily of the Rosaceae that contains a number of species of economic importance,including the soft fruit species strawberry(Fragaria 3ananassa),red(Rubus idaeus)and black(Rubus occidentalis)raspberries,blackberries(Rubus spp.)and one of the most economically important cut flower genera,the roses(Rosa spp.).Molecular genetics and genomics resources for the Rosoideae have developed rapidly over the past two decades,beginning with the development and application of a number of molecular marker types including restriction fragment length polymorphisms,amplified fragment length polymorphisms and microsatellites,and culminating in the recent publication of the genome sequence of the woodland strawberry,Fragaria vesca,and the development of high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)-genotyping resources for Fragaria,Rosa and *** tools have been used to identify genes and other functional elements that control traits of economic importance,to study the evolution of plant genome structure within the subfamily,and are beginning to facilitate genomic-assisted breeding through the development and deployment of markers linked to traits such as aspects of fruit quality,disease resistance and the timing of *** this review,we report on the developments that have been made over the last 20 years in the field of molecular genetics and structural genomics within the Rosoideae,comment on how the knowledge gained will improve the efficiency of cultivar development and discuss how these advances will enhance our understanding of the biological processes determining agronomically important traits in all Rosoideae species.

摘要：本研究旨在基于高通量测序技术分析比较采食3种常见粗饲料梅花鹿瘤胃甲烷菌结构。选取3只2岁龄的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年雄性梅花鹿为研究对象,采用3×3拉丁方设计,分别饲喂以柞树叶（OL组）、玉米秸秆（CS组）和玉米青贮（CI组）为主要粗饲料的饲粮。预试期为1周,正试期为4周。采用引物A519F、A976R扩增瘤胃甲烷菌16S rRNA基因V3-V4区,基于Illumina M iseq PE250平台进行测序。结果表明：9个样本共获得600 352条高质量的甲烷菌16S rRNA基因序列,基于97%相似性共归为111个分类操作单元（OTU）。覆盖度指数表明本试验样品覆盖了瘤胃99%的甲烷菌。分类分析结果表明甲烷短杆菌属（Methanobrevibacter spp.）[OL组：（97.80±6.00）%;CS组：（97.10±1.50）%;CI组：（87.50±5.50）%]是梅花鹿瘤胃优势甲烷菌,但采食3种粗饲料梅花鹿瘤胃甲烷菌在种水平的分布有差异。CI组Methanosphaera stadtmanae相对丰度显著高于OL组与CS组（P〈0.05）。OL组与CI组Methanobrevibacter millerae相对丰度高于CS组（P〉0.05）,OL组与CS组Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani相对丰度高于CI组（P〉0.05）,而CS组与CI组Methanobrevibacter olleyae相对丰度高于OL组（P〉0.05）。本研究发现Methanobrevibacter spp.是梅花鹿瘤胃优势甲烷菌。