摘要：The visualization of the surface of biological samples using an atomic force microscope reveals features of the external relief and can resolve very fine and detailed features of the *** examined specimens from the skin of the amphibians Salamandra salamandra Linnaeus,1758,Lyciasalamandra luschani basoglui Baran&Atatür,1980 and Mesotriton alpestris Laurenti,1768,and from the surface of pollen grains of the plant species Cyclamen graecum Link,1835 and Cistus salviifolius Linnaeus,1753,which exhibit certain interesting features,imaged at the nanoscale *** is likely that the relief influences the attributes of the interfaces between the tissues and the *** found that the microsculpture increases in size the surface of the examined tissues and this might be particularly important for their performance in the *** of amphibians’skin may affect water regulation,dehydration and rehydration,and cutaneous gas *** grain relief might affect the firmness of the contact between pollen surface and water *** resolution imaging of the external relief showed that roughening might induce wetting and influence the water status of the *** addition,roughness affects the radius of water droplets retained in between the projections of the external *** of the tissues was highly correlated with their vertical distance,whereas surface distances were highly correlated with horizontal *** enabling a more detailed characterization of the external sculptures,through sophisticated techniques,a more comprehensive examination of the samples indicates similarities among different living tissues,originated from different kingdoms,which can be attributed to environmental conditions and physiological circumstances.

摘要：Excitation parameter preferences are key factors a ecting the performance of magnetic frequency mixing detection.A uniform experimental design method was used to analyze this *** fuzzy theory,a comprehensive model is established for evaluating the e ect of magnetic frequency mixing.A polynomial is selected as the regression function to express explicitly the correlation between the excitation parameters and the frequency-mixing e *** excitation parameters were then optimized using genetic *** frequency mixing experiments were conducted to measure the surface hardness of some ferromagnetic *** mixing is further enhanced under the optimal settings,resulting in an improvement in the measurement *** results of this study support the application of the magnetic frequency mixing technique in non-destructive testing.

摘要：近日,微软全球副总裁、有＂surface之父＂之称的surface业务负责人Panos Panay在上海接受记者采访时称,中国消费者＂喜新厌旧＂,也有助于新品牌参与竞争,对微软surface来说是好事。言下之意,在苹果i Pad霸占平板市场头把交椅多年后,消费者对新产品的期待,给了surface等超级本机会。2010年,苹果推出的平板电脑i Pad迅速在全球范围内获得好评,并在平板市场占据绝对领先的份额。彼时,负责微软硬件业务的Panos Panay,

摘要：In a reliability-based design optimization (RBDO), computation of the failure probability (Pf) at all design points through the process may suitably be avoided at the early stages. Thus, to reduce extensive computations of RBDO, one could decouple the optimization and reliability analysis. The present work proposes a new methodology for such a decoupled approach that separates optimization and reliability analysis into two procedures which significantly improve the computational efficiency of the RBDO. This technique is based on the probabilistic sensitivity approach (PSA) on the shifted probability density function. Stochastic variables are separated into two groups of desired and non-desired variables. The three-phase procedure may be summarized as: Phase 1, apply deterministic design optimization based on mean values of random variables;Phase 2, move designs toward a reliable space using PSA and finding a primary reliable optimum point;Phase 3, applying an intelligent self-adaptive procedure based on cubic B-spline interpolation functions until the targeted failure probability is reached. An improved response surface method is used for computation of failure probability. The proposed RBDO approach could significantly reduce the number of analyses required to less than 10% of conventional methods. The computational efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by solving four benchmark truss design problems published in the structural optimization literature.

摘要：Based on coral proxies we reconstructed the western Pacific warm pool sea surface temperature (SST) since 1644 AD. High-frequency reconstructions are based on eight high-pass filtered coral series and raw reconstructions are derived from eight unfiltered coral series, respectively. Validation and comparison with other SST/temperature series show that the reconstructed warm pool SST is highly reliable. The leading periods of warm pool SST are ～2.1, ～2.3, ～2.9, ～3.6, ～3.8, and 80.7-year during the last ～360 years. The warm pool SST exhibits some obvious long-term trends: an upward trend of 0.04°C per century for the period of 1644–1825, while a decreasing trend of 0.24°C per century for the period of 1826–1885, and then a remarkable warming trend of 0.28°C per century taking place between 1886 and 2006. Especially, the SST shows the strongest trend of 0.67°C increase per century during the last 50 years, a warming unprecedented since 1644 AD. On interannual timescale, the connections between ENSO and the warm pool SST are robust during the reconstruction period. There are significant correlations between the warm pool SST and summer precipitation of the Yellow River basin and Huaihe River basin; the correlation coefficients are ?0.44 in reconstruction period (1880–1949 AD) and ?0.46 in instrumental period (1950–2005 AD) respectively. This relationship is also found between flood-drought index and the warm pool SST during the past 360 years, and their correlation coefficients are ?0.20 in reconstruction period and ?0.46 in instrumental period respectively, significant at the 0.01 level. On interdecadal timescale, this connection is more robust, and the correlation coefficient of the low-pass filtered components is ?0.42 during the whole period (1644–2000 AD). When the warm pool is warmer than normal, the precipitation is usually below the normal in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basin. On the contrary, when the warm pool is colder than the normal, there may be more

摘要：The manual design of addendum surfaces on common CAD platforms is very tedious which requires many trialscorrections,which will certainly a ect the construction e ciency and quality of addendum surfaces,and then a ect the formability and quality of the workpiece in the process of sheet *** this paper,an automatic procedure based on parametric design method is proposed for the rapid construction of the addendum *** kernel of the parametric method is constructing boundary curves based on the shape of surfaces of workpiece and designing guide curves based on Hermite curve *** some simple parameters,the shape of the addendum surfaces could be controlled and adjusted *** addition,a minimum energy optimization method is employed to further optimize the constructed addendum surface.A finite element analysis for the sheet forming process is performed to evaluate the forming quality of constructed addendum *** instance illustrates that the addendum surface constructed by the proposed method could ensure both the overall smoothing of surfaces and the final forming quality,and it has a good e ect on springback after *** research proposes a smoothing parametric design method for addendum surfaces construction which could construct and optimize addendum surfaces rapidly.

摘要：Conceptual design, data model and key techniques of "Geo-engineer 3D assistant", an underground 3D GIS oriented to geology and mine application, were discussed. In particular, the importance of high-order smoothing triangular pieces to surface's fine expression in geological modeling was emphasized. The contour mode is the most favorite mode of the three modes about surface expression: DEM, TIN and contour. Topology in underground 3D modeling with CAGD was compared. From the view of boundary and coboundary, which is soul of IS 19107 (Geographic information spatial schema), 3D underground topology was re-examined.

摘要：Bacteria adhesion and biofilm formation have raised severe problems on public health, food industry and many other areas. A variety of reagents and surface coatings have been developed to kill bacteria and/or limit their interaction with surfaces. It has also attracted many efforts to integrate different bactericidal elements together and maximize antibacterial efficiency. Herein, we review mechanisms for both passive and active approaches to resist and kill bacteria respectively, and discuss integrated strategies based on these two approaches. We also offer perspective on future research direction.

摘要：微软公司无预警发布新一代巨型平板电脑surface Hub 2。超过4K分辨率，50．5英寸的显示器宽高比为3：2．拥有超窄边框设计．最多可以4台进行无缝拼接。surface Hub 2最大的亮点就在于允许多用户登录，团队成员可以同时访问文档，随时进行修改调整，如同在白板上进行会议一样自然。

摘要：微软公司宣布推出surface Pro 3平板电脑,这款产品不但设计轻薄,还可与笔记本电脑强大的功能和表现相媲美。surface Pro 3既是平板电脑,也是笔记本电脑。它将多功能处理器、多种不同配置的RAM和存储器与轻薄设计融为一体,只需轻轻弹开支架或扣入键盘,即可在完美平衡的平板电脑和全功能笔记本之间轻松转换。而且拥有迷人的外观,比11英寸的MacBook Air笔记本电脑还要再薄30%。surface Pro